1. Which of the following is a crucial step in the initial phase of bridge construction?
a) Selecting the color of the bridge
b) Determining the alignment of the bridge
c) Choosing the bridge’s name
d) Deciding the interior decor of the bridge
Answer: b) Determining the alignment of the bridge
Explanation: Selecting the alignment of the bridge involves choosing the direction and position in which the bridge will be constructed, considering factors such as terrain, traffic flow, and environmental impact.
2. What is the primary purpose of conducting essential surveys in bridge site investigation?
a) To determine the favorite bridge design among locals
b) To identify potential locations for picnics near the bridge
c) To gather data necessary for bridge design and construction
d) To estimate the number of fish in the river
Answer: c) To gather data necessary for bridge design and construction
Explanation: Essential surveys provide vital information about the site’s geological, topographical, and environmental conditions, which is essential for planning and designing the bridge.
3. Which factor is critical to consider when determining the economical span of a bridge?
a) The favorite color of the bridge designer
b) The length of the river
c) The budget allocated for construction
d) The material used for construction
Answer: c) The budget allocated for construction
Explanation: The economical span of a bridge is influenced by various factors, including material costs, construction techniques, and maintenance expenses.
4. What is the purpose of abutments in bridge construction?
a) To provide shade for pedestrians
b) To support the weight of the bridge
c) To house vending machines
d) To display artistic sculptures
Answer: b) To support the weight of the bridge
Explanation: Abutments are support structures at the ends of a bridge that bear the weight of the bridge and transfer it to the ground.
5. Which factor determines the choice of superstructure in bridge construction?
a) The number of lanes on the bridge
b) The height of nearby buildings
c) The availability of construction materials
d) The favorite food of the bridge engineer
Answer: c) The availability of construction materials
Explanation: The choice of superstructure depends on various factors, including the availability of materials such as steel, concrete, or composite materials, and the structural requirements of the bridge.
6. What is the impact factor used for in bridge design?
a) To measure the bridge’s popularity
b) To estimate the impact of traffic loads on the bridge
c) To determine the bridge’s environmental impact
d) To calculate the bridge’s weight
Answer: b) To estimate the impact of traffic loads on the bridge
Explanation: The impact factor is a multiplier applied to the standard loadings to account for dynamic effects caused by moving vehicles on the bridge.
7. Which loading standards are commonly used for railway bridges in India?
a) European loading standards
b) American loading standards
c) Indian loading standards
d) Chinese loading standards
Answer: c) Indian loading standards
Explanation: Indian loading standards, specified by organizations like the Indian Railways, are used for designing railway bridges in India.
8. What is the primary function of wing walls in bridge construction?
a) To provide shelter for birds
b) To enhance the aerodynamics of the bridge
c) To prevent erosion around abutments
d) To display advertisements
Answer: c) To prevent erosion around abutments
Explanation: Wing walls are built at the ends of abutments to prevent soil erosion and provide stability to the bridge structure.
9. What does the term “scour depth” refer to in bridge foundation design?
a) The depth of the river
b) The depth of the bridge’s foundation
c) The depth of sediment accumulation around bridge piers
d) The depth of the bridge deck
Answer: c) The depth of sediment accumulation around bridge piers
Explanation: Scour depth refers to the depth of sediment erosion or removal around bridge piers due to water flow, which can compromise the stability of the bridge foundation.
10. Which component of a bridge is responsible for connecting the superstructure to the substructure?
a) Piers
b) Wing walls
c) Abutments
d) Bearings
Answer: d) Bearings
Explanation: Bearings are structural components used to connect and facilitate movement between the superstructure and substructure of a bridge.
11. What is the purpose of afflux in bridge design?
a) To increase traffic congestion
b) To reduce the water flow velocity
c) To add decorative elements to the bridge
d) To attract wildlife
Answer: b) To reduce the water flow velocity
Explanation: Afflux refers to the rise in water level upstream of a bridge, which helps reduce water flow velocity and prevent erosion around the bridge structure.
12. What factor is crucial in determining the type of road and railway bridges to be constructed?
a) The height of nearby trees
b) The width of the river
c) The favorite color of the bridge engineer
d) The volume of traffic
Answer: d) The volume of traffic
Explanation: The type of road and railway bridges constructed is influenced by the anticipated volume of traffic and the specific transportation needs of the area.
13. Why is the collection of hydraulic design data essential in bridge site investigation?
a) To determine the bridge’s architectural style
b) To calculate the bridge’s weight
c) To assess the impact of water flow on the bridge
d) To estimate the number of fish in the river
Answer: c) To assess the impact of water flow on the bridge
Explanation: Hydraulic design data helps engineers understand how water flow patterns, including floods and currents, will affect the bridge’s stability and durability.
14. What is the purpose of return walls in bridge construction?
a) To direct traffic
b) To create a scenic view
c) To prevent soil erosion
d) To provide seating
Answer: c) To prevent soil erosion
Explanation: Return walls are constructed along the edges of the bridge approach to prevent soil erosion and provide support to the embankment.
15. How are design loads and forces determined in bridge construction?
a) By flipping a coin
b) By estimating the weight of passing clouds
c) By conducting structural analysis and considering various factors
d) By guessing
Answer: c) By conducting structural analysis and considering various factors
Explanation: Design loads and forces are determined through rigorous structural analysis, considering factors such as traffic loads, environmental conditions, and safety standards.