1. What is the primary function of a breakwater in marine structures?
a) To facilitate loading and unloading of cargo
b) To provide a platform for recreational activities
c) To protect ships and harbors from waves and currents
d) To serve as a navigation aid
Answer: c) To protect ships and harbors from waves and currents
Explanation: Breakwaters are structures built offshore or along the shoreline to provide shelter and protection to ships and harbors from the impact of waves and currents, reducing the force of incoming waves and creating a calm water zone behind them.
2. Which of the following is NOT a type of breakwater?
a) Rubble mound breakwater
b) Vertical wall breakwater
c) Composite breakwater
d) Pier breakwater
Answer: d) Pier breakwater
Explanation: Pier breakwaters are not a standard type of breakwater. They are usually used as part of wharves, quays, or jetties rather than serving as standalone structures for wave protection.
3. Wharves, quays, and jetties are primarily used for:
a) Fishing activities
b) Marine research
c) Loading and unloading of cargo and passengers
d) Marine navigation
Answer: c) Loading and unloading of cargo and passengers
Explanation: Wharves, quays, and jetties are structures built along the waterfront to provide berthing facilities for ships, allowing them to load and unload cargo, passengers, and other goods.
4. Which marine structure extends perpendicular to the shore and is typically used for docking vessels for loading and unloading?
a) Pier
b) Breakwater
c) Dolphin
d) Fender
Answer: a) Pier
Explanation: Piers are long structures that extend perpendicular to the shore and provide docking facilities for vessels to load and unload cargo, passengers, and goods.
5. What is the function of a dolphin in marine structures?
a) To provide habitat for marine life
b) To support navigation lights
c) To absorb impact energy from ships
d) To prevent erosion along the shoreline
Answer: c) To absorb impact energy from ships
Explanation: Dolphins are clusters of piles driven into the seabed, often with a platform at the top. They are designed to absorb the impact energy from ships and prevent damage to other marine structures like piers and wharves.
6. Fenders are used in marine structures primarily to:
a) Anchor ships
b) Provide lighting
c) Absorb impact energy
d) Aid in navigation
Answer: c) Absorb impact energy
Explanation: Fenders are devices placed on marine structures like piers and wharves to absorb the kinetic energy of a vessel berthing against them, reducing the risk of damage to both the vessel and the structure.
7. Mooring accessories are used for:
a) Controlling water flow
b) Preventing corrosion
c) Securing ships in place
d) Providing access to underwater structures
Answer: c) Securing ships in place
Explanation: Mooring accessories such as bollards, cleats, and ropes are used to secure ships in place at docks, wharves, and piers, preventing them from drifting or moving due to waves, currents, or wind.
8. Which type of mooring accessory is typically mounted on the surface of a wharf or pier for securing ships?
a) Bollard
b) Cleat
c) Dolphin
d) Fender
Answer: a) Bollard
Explanation: Bollards are short, sturdy posts mounted on the surface of a wharf or pier and used for securing ships by tying mooring lines around them.
9. In marine structures, which component is designed to withstand the impact of vessels and protect the structure from damage?
a) Rubble mound
b) Pier head
c) Breakwater
d) Fender
Answer: d) Fender
Explanation: Fenders are specifically designed to absorb the impact energy from vessels berthing against them, protecting both the vessel and the structure from damage.
10. Which of the following is NOT a consideration in the design and construction of marine structures?
a) Environmental impact
b) Accessibility for marine life
c) Durability in harsh marine conditions
d) Cost-effectiveness
Answer: b) Accessibility for marine life
Explanation: While environmental impact and durability are critical considerations in marine structure design, ensuring accessibility for marine life is not typically a primary concern. However, efforts may be made to minimize negative impacts on marine ecosystems during construction and operation.