1. What is the primary factor influencing the occurrence of natural stones?
a) Climate
b) Geological processes
c) Human activities
d) Soil composition
Answer: b) Geological processes
Explanation: Natural stones occur primarily due to geological processes like sedimentation, metamorphism, and volcanic activity.
2. Which of the following is NOT a classification of rocks based on their formation process?
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Metamorphic
d) Mechanical
Answer: d) Mechanical
Explanation: Rocks are classified based on their formation processes as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, not mechanical.
3. Marble is a metamorphic rock formed from the metamorphism of which rock?
a) Limestone
b) Sandstone
c) Granite
d) Basalt
Answer: a) Limestone
Explanation: Marble is formed from the metamorphism of limestone under high pressure and temperature conditions.
4. Which characteristic of stones refers to its resistance to wear and tear under external forces?
a) Hardness
b) Porosity
c) Texture
d) Color
Answer: a) Hardness
Explanation: Hardness is the property of a stone that measures its resistance to wear and tear under external forces.
5. The test used to determine the compressive strength of stones is called:
a) Abrasion test
b) Water absorption test
c) Crushing test
d) Impact test
Answer: c) Crushing test
Explanation: The crushing test determines the compressive strength of stones by subjecting them to crushing forces.
6. Which of the following is NOT a common use of stones?
a) Construction of buildings
b) Sculptures
c) Food preservation
d) Paving roads
Answer: c) Food preservation
Explanation: Stones are commonly used in construction (buildings, roads), sculptures, and landscaping, but not for food preservation.
7. Quarrying of stones involves:
a) Cutting stones into desired shapes
b) Transporting stones to the construction site
c) Extracting stones from natural deposits
d) Polishing stones for decorative purposes
Answer: c) Extracting stones from natural deposits
Explanation: Quarrying involves extracting stones from natural deposits or quarries using various methods.
8. Which process involves shaping stones to specific dimensions and finishes for construction purposes?
a) Quarrying
b) Dressing
c) Polishing
d) Carving
Answer: b) Dressing
Explanation: Dressing is the process of shaping stones to specific dimensions and finishes for construction purposes.
9. Efflorescence on stones is caused by:
a) Weathering
b) Algae growth
c) Salt deposition
d) Oxidation
Answer: c) Salt deposition
Explanation: Efflorescence on stones occurs due to the deposition of salts, often caused by water evaporation.
10. Which method helps in retarding the decay of stones by providing a protective coating?
a) Sealing
b) Weathering
c) Polishing
d) Exfoliation
Answer: a) Sealing
Explanation: Sealing helps in retarding the decay of stones by providing a protective coating that prevents water and other harmful substances from penetrating the stone surface.
11. Preservation of stones involves:
a) Exposing stones to natural elements
b) Applying chemicals to accelerate decay
c) Providing proper maintenance and care
d) Ignoring regular inspection
Answer: c) Providing proper maintenance and care
Explanation: Preservation of stones involves providing proper maintenance and care to ensure their longevity and prevent decay.
12. Artificial stones are primarily composed of:
a) Natural minerals
b) Synthetic polymers
c) Plant fibers
d) Animal bones
Answer: b) Synthetic polymers
Explanation: Artificial stones are typically composed of synthetic polymers and other additives, rather than natural minerals.
13. Which material is a primary ingredient in concrete production?
a) Steel
b) Wood
c) Cement
d) Glass
Answer: c) Cement
Explanation: Cement is a primary ingredient in concrete production, acting as a binder to hold the other components together.
14. What is the main factor that determines the grade of concrete?
a) Color
b) Strength
c) Density
d) Texture
Answer: b) Strength
Explanation: The grade of concrete is primarily determined by its strength, which is influenced by the ratio of cement to aggregates and water.
15. Special concrete may include additives for enhancing which property?
a) Flexibility
b) Strength
c) Porosity
d) Opacity
Answer: a) Flexibility
Explanation: Special concrete may include additives like fibers or polymers to enhance properties such as flexibility or durability.
16. Fly ash is a byproduct of:
a) Coal combustion
b) Oil refining
c) Natural gas extraction
d) Biomass combustion
Answer: a) Coal combustion
Explanation: Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants and is often used as a supplementary material in concrete production.
17. Hand molding of bricks involves:
a) Using machines for brick production
b) Shaping bricks by hand without molds
c) Utilizing molds for shaping bricks
d) Firing bricks in kilns
Answer: c) Utilizing molds for shaping bricks
Explanation: Hand molding of bricks involves shaping bricks by hand using molds to achieve uniform dimensions.
18. Clay-fly ash bricks are primarily made from a mixture of:
a) Clay, sand, and cement
b) Clay and fly ash
c) Sand and gravel
d) Cement and water
Answer: b) Clay and fly ash
Explanation: Clay-fly ash bricks are primarily made from a mixture of clay and fly ash, with additives as necessary.
19. Improved bricks made from inferior soils are achieved by:
a) Adding sand and cement
b) Firing at higher temperatures
c) Increasing water content
d) Reducing compaction
Answer: a) Adding sand and cement
Explanation: Improved bricks from inferior soils are made by adding sand and cement to enhance their strength and durability.
20. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bricks?
a) Porosity
b) Density
c) Translucency
d) Compressive strength
Answer: c) Translucency
Explanation: Translucency is not a characteristic of bricks. Bricks are known for their porosity, density, and compressive strength.