1. Variables
Store data like numbers, text, or arrays using $variable_name:
- $age = 25; (integer)
- $name = “EasyExamNotes”; (string)
- $fruits = array(“apple”, “banana”, “orange”); (array)
2. Output
Use echo or print to display information on the screen:
- echo $age; // Outputs 25
- echo “Hello, $name!”; // Outputs “Hello, EasyExamNotes!”
- print_r($fruits); // Prints the array contents
3. Arithmetic Operators
Perform calculations with mathematical symbols:
- $sum = $age + 10; // $sum now equals 35
- $average = ($age + 30) / 2; // $average gets 27.5
- $remainder = $sum % 3; // $remainder becomes 2 (modulus)
4. Comparison Operators
Evaluate conditions using relational operators:
- if ($age > 18) { echo “You are an adult.”; }
- if ($fruit == “orange”) { echo “Good choice!”; }
- if ($sum != 30) { echo “Calculation error!”; }
5. Loops
Repeat code blocks with while, do-while, or for loops:
- while ($i < 5) { echo “$i. I am looping! “; $i++; }
- do { echo “Counting down… $i”; $i–; } while ($i > 0);
- for ($j = 0; $j < count($fruits); $j++) { echo $fruits[$j] . ” “; }
6. Functions
Define reusable code blocks for modularity:
- function greet($name) { echo “Welcome, $name!”; }
- greet(“Jane”); // Outputs “Welcome, Jane!”
7. Forms
Capture user input with HTML forms and access it in PHP:
<input type="text" name="username">- $username = $_POST[“username”]; // Get entered username in PHP