Step 1 : Convert the decimal number in binary format.
For integer,
Step 2 : Normalize the number.
Single precision :
For a given floating point number,
Bais (or) modified exponent for single precision
Number is single precision format
Double precision :
For a given number,
Bias (or) modified exponent for double precision
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- Explain the functional units of digital system and their inter connections.
- What is a bus in digital system ? Also explain its types.
- Describe the architecture of bus.
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- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pollingand daisy chaining bus arbitration schemes.OR Explain daisy changing method. Write its advantages and disadvantages.
- What is memory transfer ? What are different registers associated for memory transfer ? Discuss.
- Explain the operation of three state bus buffers and show its use in design of common bus.
- Explain why the single shared bus is so widely used asan inter connection medium in both sequential and parallel computers. What are its main disadvantages ?
- What is the benefit of using multiple bus architecture compared to a single bus architecture ?
- Explain general-purpose register based organization.
- What is stack ? Give the organization of register stack with all necessary elements and explain the working of push and pop operations.
- What is a memory stack ? Explain its role in managing subroutines with the help of neat diagrams.
- What is the stack organization ? Compare register stackand memory stack.
- Explain an accumulator based central processing unit organization with block diagram.
- Write short note on relative addressing mode and indirect addressing mode. OR Explain the following addressing modes with the help of an example each :i. Direct ii. Register indirect iii. Implied iv. Immediate v. Indexed
- What is difference between implied and immediate addressing modes ? Explain with an example.
- Describe auto increment and auto decrement addressing modes with proper example ?
- How addressing mode is significant for referring memory ? List and explain different types of addressing modes.
- Describe sequential Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)using proper diagram.
- Write short note on look ahead carry adders.
- Explain the Booth’s algorithm in depth with the help off low chart. Give an example for multiplication using Booth’s algorithm. OR Discuss the Booth’s algorithm for 2’s complement number. Also illustrate it with the some example.OR Explain Booth’s multiplication algorithm in detail.
- Explain Booth’s algorithm with its hardware implementation.
- Show step by step the multiplication process using Booth’s algorithm when (+ 15) and (– 13) numbers are multiplied.Assume 5-bit registers that hold signed numbers.
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- Show the multiplication process using Booth’s algorithm when the following numbers are multiplied : (– 13) by (+ 8).
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- Explain array multiplier method with the help of example.
- Write down the step for restoring and non-restoring of division operations.
- Draw the flow chart for restoring and non-restoring division operation.
- What do you mean by over flow ? Describe the over flow detection.
- Draw the data path of sequential n-bit binary divider.Give the non-restoring division algorithm for unsigned integers.Also illustrate algorithm for unsigned integer with a suitable example.
- Perform the division process of 00001111 by 0011 (use adividend of 8 bits).
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- Draw the block diagram of control unit of basic computer. Explain in detail with control timing diagrams.
- Draw a flow chart for adding and subtracting two fixed point binary numbers where negative numbers are signed 1’s complement presentation.
- Explain IEEE standard for floating point numbers.OR How floating point numbers are represented in computer, also give IEEE 754 standard 32-bit floating point number format.
- What is an instruction in the context of computer organization ? Explain the purpose of the various elements of an instruction with the help of a sample instruction format.
- Describe the types of instructions on the basis of address fields used in the instruction with example.
- Describe the types of instructions on the basis of address fields used in the instruction with example.
- Evaluate the arithmetic statement X = (A + B)*(C + D)using a general register computer with three address, two address and one address instruction format a program to evaluate the expression.
- Define instruction cycle and divide instruction cycle into sub cycles with the help of diagram, explain the sequence in which sub cycles are executed.OR Explain the different cycles of an instruction execution.OR Explain all the phases of instruction cycle.
- Write the steps in fetching a word from memory.Differentiate between a branch instruction and call sub routine instruction.
- Assuming that all registers initially contain 0, what is the value of R1after the following instruction sequence is executed : MOV R1, # 6 MOV R2, # 5 ADD R3, R1, R1 SUB R1, R3, R2 MUL R3, R1, R1.
- In an instruction format, there are 16 bits in an instruction word. Bit 0 to 11 convey the address of the memory location for memory related instructions. For non memory instructions these bits convey various register or I/O operations. Bits 12 to 14 show the various basic memory operations such asADD, AND, LDA etc. Bit 15 shows if the memory is accessed directly or indirectly. For such an instruction format draw block diagram of the control unit of a computer and briefly explain how an instruction will be decoded and executed, by this control unit.
- Describe micro-operation and enlist its types.
- Write a short note on register transfer micro-operation.
- Write short note on arithmetic micro-operation.
- Write a short note on shift micro-operations.OR List and explain different types of shift micro-operation.
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- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using avariable length instruction format.
- Write a short note on RISC. OR What is RISC ? Explain its various characteristics.
- Differentiate between RISC & CISC based microprocessor. OR Differentiate between complex instruction set computer and reduced instruction set computer.
- What is pipelining ? How the idea of pipelining used ina computer ?OR Write a short note on pipelining.
- How pipelining is classified ?OR Write short notes on instruction pipeline.
- Differentiate between linear and non-linear pipeline.
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- Describe micro-program sequencing in detail.
- Explain the concept of vertical and horizontal multi-programming
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- What do you mean by CAM ? Explain its major characteristics.
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- Explain I/O bus and I/O command.
- Write a short note on interrupts. OR Define interrupt. When a device interrupt occurs how does the processor determine which device has issued the interrupt ?
- Explain the sequence that takes place when an interrupt occurs.
- How system resolve the priority of interrupt ?OR Explain polling and daisy chaining method.
- How interrupts are classified ?
- Explain the difference between vectored and non-vectored interrupt. Explain stating examples of each.
- Explain the types of interrupt on the basis of timer.
- Write a short note on programmed I/O. OR Discuss the programmed I/O method for controlling input-output operations.
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- Write short note on DMA. OR Explain the working of DMA controller with the help of suitable diagrams. OR Write a short note on DMA based data transfer. OR Give the block diagram of DMA controller. Why are the read andwrite control lines in a DMA controller bidirectional ?
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- What do you mean by Input-Output (I/O) processor ?
- Explain I/O channels with its types.
- What do you mean by serial communication ? What are the transmission modes of serial communication ?
- Explain synchronous communication and asynchronous communication.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of synchronous and asynchronous transmission.
- Describe the subroutine. Write a program which move the block of data. Write a note on subroutines.