Serial communication refers to the process of transmitting data one bit at a time over a single communication path. This method contrasts with parallel communication, where multiple bits are sent simultaneously over separate paths.
In serial communication, data is sent in a sequential manner, bit by bit, over a single wire or channel. This communication protocol is prevalent in various electronic devices, including computers, printers, and networking equipment.
There are three main transmission modes in serial communication:
- Simplex Connection: In a simplex connection, data flows only in one direction, from the transmitter to the receiver. It’s like a one-way street, where data can only travel in one direction. An example of this would be a keyboard sending data to a computer.
- Half-Duplex Connection: A half-duplex connection allows data to flow in both directions, but not simultaneously. It’s like a walkie-talkie, where you can either talk or listen, but not both at the same time. In this mode, each end of the connection takes turns transmitting data. It’s sometimes called an alternating or semi-duplex connection.
- Full-Duplex Connection: In a full-duplex connection, data flows in both directions simultaneously. It’s like a two-way street, where traffic can move in both directions at the same time. This mode requires a four-wire link, with a separate pair of wires dedicated to each direction of transmission.
So, to sum up:
- Simplex: One-way communication.
- Half-Duplex: Two-way communication, but not simultaneously.
- Full-Duplex: Two-way communication simultaneously.
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