Describe micro-operation and enlist its types.

Micro-operation: A micro-operation is a basic operation that a CPU (Central Processing Unit) can perform in one clock cycle. These operations are fundamental to executing instructions in a computer.

Types of Micro-operations:

1. Register Transfer Micro-operations: These operations involve transferring binary information from one register to another. Registers are small, fast storage locations within the CPU. For example, moving data from one register to another.
2. Arithmetic Micro-operations: These operations perform arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on numeric data stored in registers. For instance, adding two numbers stored in registers.
3. Logic Micro-operations: These operations manipulate individual bits in registers. They perform logical operations like AND, OR, NOT, and XOR on non-numeric data. For example, performing a bitwise AND operation on two sets of data.
4. Shift Micro-operations: These operations shift the bits of data stored in registers either to the left or to the right. This is useful for tasks like multiplying or dividing by powers of two or repositioning data within a register. For example, shifting all bits in a register to the left by one position.

These micro-operations are the building blocks of complex operations and instructions that a CPU performs to execute programs. They allow the CPU to manipulate data, perform calculations, and control the flow of instructions efficiently.