Write short note on arithmetic micro-operation.

Arithmetic micro-operations are fundamental operations performed on binary numbers within a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). These operations include addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement.

Addition: This operation combines the values stored in two registers and stores the result in another register. For example, if we have the statement R3 ← R1 + R2, it means we’re adding the values stored in registers R1 and R2, and then storing the result in register R3.

Subtraction: In digital systems, subtraction is usually implemented by using addition and complementation.

To subtract R2 from R1, we can add the 1’s complement of R2 to R1.
The 1’s complement of a number is obtained by changing all the 0s to 1s and all the 1s to 0s in its binary representation.
Adding 1 to the 1’s complement produces the 2’s complement, which is essentially the negative of the original number.
So, the statement R3 ← R1 + R2 + 1 effectively subtracts R2 from R1.
Increment and Decrement: These operations are straightforward:

Incrementing a register means adding 1 to its current value.
Decrementing a register means subtracting 1 from its current value.

Arithmetic micro-operations:

Micro-Operation	Description
Addition	Adds the contents of two registers and stores the result in another register.
Subtraction	Implemented using addition and complementation. Subtracts the contents of one register from another.
Increment	Adds 1 to the contents of a register.
Decrement	Subtracts 1 from the contents of a register.