Explain I/O bus and I/O command.

I/O Bus:

1. Components: The I/O bus consists of different types of lines:
   • Data lines: These carry the actual information being transferred between the processor and peripheral devices.
   • Address lines: They indicate where the data should go or come from in the memory or peripheral devices.
   • Control lines: These manage the flow of data and control the operations of the peripherals.
2. Communication Link: Think of the I/O bus as a highway connecting the processor (like the brain of the computer) and various peripheral devices (like printers, keyboards, etc.).
3. Examples of Devices: The I/O bus connects the processor to different peripherals such as magnetic tape, magnetic disk drives, printers, and terminals.
4. Connection: The I/O bus from the processor is connected to the interfaces of all the peripheral devices, acting as the communication bridge between them.

I/O Commands:

When the processor wants to communicate with a peripheral device through the I/O bus, it sends commands. These commands help in managing the communication and operations with the peripherals.

1. Control Command: This command tells the peripheral to start or stop a particular operation. For example, telling a printer to start printing.
2. Status Command: With this command, the processor can check various statuses of the peripheral and its interface, like whether it’s ready for data transfer or if there’s an error.
3. Output Data Command: When the processor needs to send data to a peripheral, it uses this command to push data onto the bus, so the peripheral can receive it.
4. Input Data Command: Conversely, when the processor wants to receive data from a peripheral, it uses this command. The peripheral sends the data onto the bus, and the processor reads it from there.

Simplified Explanation:

Imagine the I/O bus as a road system connecting the computer’s brain (processor) to different buildings (peripherals) like printers, keyboards, etc. The processor communicates with these buildings using different types of commands:

• Control Command: Start or stop a building’s operation.
• Status Command: Check if a building is ready or has encountered any problems.
• Output Data Command: Send something from the processor to a building.
• Input Data Command: Receive something from a building to the processor.