Explain semiconductor RAM. Enlist the types of semiconductor memory.OR Explain dynamic RAM and static RAM.

Semiconductor RAM, or Random Access Memory, is a type of computer memory that stores frequently used program instructions to enhance a system’s overall speed. It allows data to be read or written in nearly the same amount of time, regardless of the data’s physical location within the memory.

There are two main types of semiconductor RAM:

1. DRAM (Dynamic RAM):
   • How it works: DRAM uses capacitors to store each bit of data. The charge on these capacitors determines whether the bit is a logical 1 or 0.
   • Refreshing: Unlike static RAM, DRAM’s capacitors do not hold their charge indefinitely. Periodic refreshing is required to maintain the data.
   • Common usage: DRAM is often used as the main RAM in personal computers and workstations.
2. SRAM (Static RAM):
   • How it works: SRAM is a semiconductor memory where data does not need dynamic refreshing.
   • Volatility: SRAM is volatile, meaning it loses its stored information when power is turned off.
   • Power consumption and cost: SRAM consumes more power, is less dense, and more expensive compared to DRAM.
   • Common usage: SRAM is commonly used for cache memory, which stores frequently accessed data for quick retrieval.