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Linear Algebra for Machine Learning Practitioners

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By Team EasyExamNotes

  1. Vectors and Scalars:
  2. Vector Operations:
    • Vector Addition: Adding corresponding elements of two vectors.
    • Scalar Multiplication: Multiplying a vector by a scalar.
    • Dot Product (Inner Product): A binary operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually vectors) and returns a single number. It’s defined as the sum of the products of their corresponding components.
  3. Matrices:
    • A matrix is a 2-dimensional array of numbers, symbols, or expressions arranged in rows and columns.
  4. Matrix Operations:
    • Matrix Addition and Subtraction: Element-wise addition or subtraction of corresponding elements of two matrices of the same size.
    • Scalar Multiplication of a Matrix: Multiplying every element of a matrix by a scalar.
    • Matrix Multiplication: A more complex operation that involves the dot product of rows and columns.
  5. Transpose of a Matrix:
    • The transpose of a matrix flips it over its diagonal.
  6. Matrix Inversion:
    • The inverse of a square matrix A (denoted as A^(-1)) is another matrix such that when it’s multiplied by A, the result is the identity matrix.
  7. Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors:
    • For a square matrix A, an eigenvector is a non-zero vector v such that Av is a scalar multiple of v. The corresponding scalar is called the eigenvalue.
  8. Determinant:
    • The determinant of a square matrix is a scalar value that can be computed from the elements of the matrix.
  9. Solving Linear Systems:
    • Linear algebra is used to solve systems of linear equations. This is particularly important in regression problems in machine learning.
  10. Matrix Decompositions:
    • Techniques like LU decomposition, QR decomposition, and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are used to factorize a matrix into simpler, more interpretable components.
  11. Norms:
    • A norm is a way of measuring the size of a vector. Common norms include the L1-norm (sum of absolute values), L2-norm (Euclidean norm), and infinity-norm (maximum absolute value).
  12. Orthogonality:
    • Vectors are orthogonal if their dot product is zero. A set of vectors is orthonormal if they are orthogonal and all have a unit norm.
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