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What is Machine Learning ?

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By Team EasyExamNotes

Machine Learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that concentrates on the creation of algorithms and statistics models which enable computers to learn and improve from experience, rather than explicitly programmed.

The main aim of machine learning is to train computers in pattern recognition so that they can make predictions or decisions based on data.

In conventional programming, an individual programmer writes explicit instructions for a computer to follow.

However, the computer is supplied with sample data as well as a rough framework for training from it. From that point, the computer’s performance improves based on previous performance, hence iterative refinement. This method of machine-learning enables machines to adapt and predict unfamiliar situations.

The key components of machine learning are:

  1. Data: To train a machine learning model, there has to be data. Structured and unstructured data are the two categories of data.
  2. Features: Features are what the model uses to make predictions as they are the individual attributes of any particular datum. Consequently, they have to be wisely selected or designed in order to provide valuable information when studying these models.
  3. Algorithms: These are mathematical models or techniques that try to learn patterns from available data and tries to predict or make decisions based on it.
  4. Training: During this stage, the algorithm is exposed to many cases of known outcomes. The learner has to identify any recurrent trends among the features and outputs involved.
  5. Testing/Evaluation: After being trained, it is essential that the performance and generalization ability of the model be tested on another set of instances with known outcomes.
  6. Prediction/Inference: Therefore, if a model has successfully undergone training as well as evaluation, it can be used for decision making and making predictions on new observations.

Machine learning can be broadly categorized into three main types:

  1. Supervised Learning: This kind involves training an algorithm on labeled data where each data point has a label or outcome associated with it so that it learns how to map input features into output labels.
  2. Unsupervised Learning: In other terms, this type involves a situation where an algorithm is given unlabeled examples but still needs to find some regularities or structures in them without using predefined output labels.
  3. Reinforcement Learning: This type involves an agent interacting with an environment and learning how to achieve specific goals by making decisions. It takes feedback as rewards/punishments for its actions guiding its development of optimal strategies over time.

Machine learning has found applications in various fields, such as natural language processing, image recognition, recommendation systems, autonomous vehicles, healthcare, finance, and more.

As technology advances and more data becomes available, machine learning continues to play an increasingly significant role in shaping the future of AI and automation.

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