Abstraction and encapsulation
Encapsulation: Definition: encapsulation is one of the basic principles of object-oriented programming (OOP) that describes the bundling of data in a class and its related … Read more
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Exception handler in Java
EXCEPTION HANDLER IN JAVA Excepiton: In Java, an exception is an event that disrupts the normal flow of the program. It is an object which … Read more
Exception Propagation
EXCEPTION PROPAGATION Uncaught exceptions are propagated in the call stack until stack becomes empty, this propagation is called Exception Propagation. After a method throws an … Read more
Application of Logic programming
Logic programming, including the use of languages like Prolog, has several applications in various domains. Here are some notable applications of logic programming: 1. Artificial … Read more
Concept of Binding
Definition A binding is an association between a variable and its type or value. Binding time is the time at which a binding takes place. … Read more
Overloaded subprograms
Overloaded sub-programs, also known as function overloading, is a feature in many programming languages that allows multiple functions or subprograms to have the same name … Read more
Static and Dynamic scope
The scope of a variable is the region of the program in which variable is declared and used. One of the basic reasons of scoping … Read more
Scope and lifetime of variable
Scope of a variable The scope of a vriable is the part of the program for which the declaration is in effect. In Java, the … Read more
Design issues for functions
DESIGN ISSUES FOR FUNCTIONS The following design issues are specific to functions: Are side effects allowed? What types of values can be returned? How many values … Read more
Parameter passing methods
PARAMETER PASSING METHODS Parameter-passing methods are the ways in which parameters are transmitted to and/or from called subprograms. Parameter passing depends on model of … Read more