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PPL: Local referencing environments

LOCAL REFERENCING ENVIRONMENTS
 
Local Variables
  • Vars that are defined inside subprograms are called local vars.
  • Local vars can be either static or stack dynamic.
  • By default an variable in stack dynamic.

Advantages of using stack dynamic variable:

a. Support for recursion.
b. Storage for locals is shared among some subprograms.
 
Disadvantages of using stack dynamic variable:
a. Allocation/deallocation time required.
b. Indirect addressing “only determined during execution.”
c. Subprograms cannot be history sensitive “can’t retain data values of local vars
between calls.”
 
Advantages of using static variable:
a. Static local vars can be accessed faster because there is no indirection.
b. No run-time overhead for allocation and deallocation.
c. Allow subprograms to be history sensitive.
 
Disadvantages of using static variable:
a. Inability to support recursion.
b. Their storage can’t be shared with the local vars of other inactive subprograms. 
 
Example for  stack dynamic variable:
int addition(int a, int b) {
int sum = 0;
sum = a+b;
return sum;
}
 
Example for  static variable:
//static variable uses static keyword
int addition(int a, int b) {
static int sum = 0;
sum = a+b;
return sum;
}

Nested Subprograms

  • Residing of a subprogram under another subprogram is known as nested subprogram.
  • When a subprogram is placed within another subprogram,it gets hide from the rest of the program.
  • Algol 68, Pascal, Ada, JavaScript, Python, Ruby allows nesting of subprogram.
  • C, do not allow subprogram nesting.
Video lecture on Local Referencing Environments

References:

  1. Sebesta,”Concept of programming Language”, Pearson Edu 
  2. Louden, “Programming Languages: Principles & Practices” , Cengage Learning 
  3. Tucker, “Programming Languages: Principles and paradigms “, Tata McGraw –Hill. 
  4. E Horowitz, “Programming Languages”, 2nd Edition, Addison Wesley 
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