1. What concept does information theory primarily study?
a) Communication protocols
b) Data compression
c) Transmission of data over networks
d) Quantification and transmission of information
Answer: d) Quantification and transmission of information
Explanation: Information theory focuses on quantifying information and its transmission, including concepts like entropy, channel capacity, and data compression.
2. Which theorem establishes the maximum data transmission rate over a noisy channel?
a) Nyquist theorem
b) Euler’s theorem
c) Shannon’s theorem
d) Fourier’s theorem
Answer: c) Shannon’s theorem
Explanation: Shannon’s theorem, also known as the Shannon capacity theorem, provides the theoretical maximum data transmission rate over a noisy channel.
3. What does the Shannon-Hartley theorem relate to in communication systems?
a) Bandwidth allocation
b) Signal processing techniques
c) Channel capacity and signal-to-noise ratio
d) Error correction coding
Answer: c) Channel capacity and signal-to-noise ratio
Explanation: The Shannon-Hartley theorem establishes the maximum possible data rate of a communication channel in the presence of noise, based on the channel’s bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio.
4. Linear block codes and cyclic codes are examples of:
a) Data compression algorithms
b) Error detection codes
c) Error correction codes
d) Encryption techniques
Answer: c) Error correction codes
Explanation: Linear block codes and cyclic codes are types of error correction codes used to detect and correct errors in transmitted data.
5. What is the primary function of an encoder in a communication system?
a) Modulating the signal for transmission
b) Generating redundancy for error correction
c) Converting analog signals to digital
d) Decoding received signals
Answer: b) Generating redundancy for error correction
Explanation: Encoders add redundancy to the data to facilitate error detection and correction at the receiver end of a communication system.
6. Burst error correcting codes are specifically designed to correct errors that occur:
a) Randomly throughout the transmission
b) Only at the beginning of the transmission
c) In short bursts during transmission
d) During signal modulation
Answer: c) In short bursts during transmission
Explanation: Burst error correcting codes are specialized codes designed to correct errors that occur in short bursts during transmission, common in certain types of communication channels.
7. Which concept involves the trade-off between bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio in communication systems?
a) Shannon’s theorem
b) Nyquist theorem
c) Shannon-Hartley theorem
d) Bandwidth efficiency principle
Answer: c) Shannon-Hartley theorem
Explanation: The Shannon-Hartley theorem discusses the relationship between bandwidth, signal power, and noise power, highlighting the trade-off between bandwidth and signal-to-noise ratio in communication systems.
8. What is the extension of a zero-memory source in information theory?
a) Finite-state source
b) Infinite-state source
c) Ergodic source
d) Markov source
Answer: d) Markov source
Explanation: A Markov source is an extension of a zero-memory source in information theory, where the probability of each symbol depends only on the preceding symbol(s).
9. Which type of codes are particularly effective in correcting errors introduced during data transmission?
a) Huffman codes
b) Convolutional codes
c) Gray codes
d) Reed-Solomon codes
Answer: b) Convolutional codes
Explanation: Convolutional codes are particularly effective in correcting errors introduced during data transmission, commonly used in applications where continuous data streams need error correction.
10. What is the primary purpose of error-correcting codes in communication systems?
a) To increase data transmission speed
b) To reduce signal distortion
c) To detect and correct errors in transmitted data
d) To enhance encryption strength
Answer: c) To detect and correct errors in transmitted data
Explanation: Error-correcting codes are utilized in communication systems primarily to detect and correct errors that may occur during the transmission of data, improving the reliability of the communication process.