1. Which of the following is an example of unsustainable development?
a) Implementation of renewable energy projects
b) Clear-cutting forests without any reforestation efforts
c) Investing in energy-efficient technologies
d) Establishing protected wildlife reserves
Answer: b) Clear-cutting forests without any reforestation efforts
Explanation: Unsustainable development involves exploiting natural resources without considering long-term consequences. Clear-cutting forests without reforestation efforts leads to deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and habitat destruction.
2. What urban problem is primarily related to energy usage?
a) Traffic congestion
b) Noise pollution
c) Waste management
d) Energy scarcity
Answer: d) Energy scarcity
Explanation: Energy scarcity in urban areas can lead to power outages, increased pollution from backup generators, and reliance on non-renewable energy sources, exacerbating environmental issues.
3. Which water conservation method involves collecting rainwater for future use?
a) Desalination
b) Drip irrigation
c) Rainwater harvesting
d) Aquifer recharge
Answer: c) Rainwater harvesting
Explanation: Rainwater harvesting involves collecting and storing rainwater runoff from rooftops or land surfaces for various uses such as irrigation, groundwater recharge, and household purposes, promoting water conservation.
4. What environmental issue is addressed by watershed management?
a) Deforestation
b) Soil erosion
c) Air pollution
d) Noise pollution
Answer: b) Soil erosion
Explanation: Watershed management focuses on protecting and restoring the natural functions of watersheds to prevent soil erosion, maintain water quality, and sustain ecosystems within a particular drainage area.
5. Resettlement and rehabilitation of people typically arise in the context of:
a) Climate change adaptation
b) Urbanization
c) Industrialization
d) Environmental conservation
Answer: c) Industrialization
Explanation: Resettlement and rehabilitation efforts often occur when industrial projects or infrastructure development displaces communities, highlighting social and environmental concerns associated with rapid urbanization and industrial expansion.
6. Which environmental issue directly relates to ethical considerations about human impact on nature?
a) Acid rain
b) Climate change
c) Nuclear accidents
d) Ozone layer depletion
Answer: b) Climate change
Explanation: Climate change raises ethical questions about responsibility, equity, and intergenerational justice regarding human activities that contribute to global warming and its adverse effects on ecosystems and vulnerable communities.
7. Which legislation focuses on regulating air pollution in India?
a) Environment Protection Act
b) Wildlife Protection Act
c) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
d) Forest Conservation Act
Answer: c) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
Explanation: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act aims to prevent, control, and abate air pollution in India by regulating emissions from industries, vehicles, and other sources to safeguard public health and the environment.
8. What is the primary objective of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act?
a) Regulating water usage in agriculture
b) Ensuring access to clean drinking water
c) Preventing pollution of water bodies
d) Promoting water conservation practices
Answer: c) Preventing pollution of water bodies
Explanation: The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act aims to prevent and control water pollution by regulating discharge of pollutants into water bodies, preserving water quality, and promoting sustainable water management practices.
9. Which environmental issue is primarily associated with the depletion of the ozone layer?
a) Acid rain
b) Global warming
c) Ozone layer depletion
d) Nuclear accidents
Answer: c) Ozone layer depletion
Explanation: Ozone layer depletion refers to the thinning of the ozone layer in the Earth’s stratosphere due to the release of ozone-depleting substances (ODS), such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons, which pose risks to human health and ecosystems.
10. What concept is central to wasteland reclamation efforts?
a) Biodiversity conservation
b) Renewable energy development
c) Soil fertility restoration
d) Urban sprawl management
Answer: c) Soil fertility restoration
Explanation: Wasteland reclamation involves restoring degraded land to productive use by improving soil fertility, promoting vegetation growth, and enhancing ecosystem services, contributing to sustainable land management and biodiversity conservation.
11. What is the primary focus of the Environment Protection Act?
a) Regulating waste disposal
b) Conservation of wildlife habitats
c) Prevention and control of pollution
d) Management of natural resources
Answer: c) Prevention and control of pollution
Explanation: The Environment Protection Act provides a framework for the protection and improvement of the environment by regulating activities that cause pollution, promoting sustainable development, and safeguarding environmental quality for present and future generations.
12. Which legislation in India is primarily aimed at protecting wildlife and their habitats?
a) Environment Protection Act
b) Forest Conservation Act
c) Wildlife Protection Act
d) Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
Answer: c) Wildlife Protection Act
Explanation: The Wildlife Protection Act aims to protect wildlife and their habitats by regulating hunting, trade, and transportation of wildlife species, promoting conservation efforts, and preventing biodiversity loss in India.
13. What is a significant challenge in enforcing environmental legislation?
a) Lack of public awareness
b) Limited financial resources
c) Political interference
d) Technological constraints
Answer: b) Limited financial resources
Explanation: Limited financial resources often hinder effective enforcement of environmental legislation, including inadequate funding for monitoring, enforcement personnel, and infrastructure, compromising regulatory compliance and environmental protection efforts.
14. What is a key strategy for raising public awareness about environmental issues?
a) Lobbying government officials
b) Implementing community projects
c) Conducting scientific research
d) Issuing legal mandates
Answer: b) Implementing community projects
Explanation: Implementing community projects such as tree planting initiatives, clean-up campaigns, and environmental education programs is a key strategy for raising public awareness, fostering environmental stewardship, and promoting sustainable behaviors.
15. Which environmental challenge is exacerbated by consumerism and excessive waste production?
a) Deforestation
b) Water scarcity
c) Air pollution
d) Marine pollution
Answer: d) Marine pollution
Explanation: Consumerism and excessive waste production contribute to marine pollution through improper disposal of plastic products, packaging materials, and hazardous waste, posing threats to marine ecosystems, wildlife, and human health.
16. What is the primary objective of the Forest Conservation Act?
a) Regulating timber harvesting
b) Protecting biodiversity hotspots
c) Preventing illegal encroachments
d) Promoting afforestation efforts
Answer: c) Preventing illegal encroachments
Explanation: The Forest Conservation Act aims to prevent illegal encroachments and diversion of forest land for non-forest purposes by regulating deforestation, ensuring sustainable forest management, and conserving biodiversity in India.
17. Which environmental issue is addressed by the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act?
a) Soil erosion
b) Noise pollution
c) Water contamination
d) Deforestation
Answer: b) Noise pollution
Explanation: The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act primarily focuses on preventing and controlling air pollution, including emissions of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, which contribute to noise pollution.
18. What is a primary objective of watershed management?
a) Controlling air pollution
b) Preventing soil erosion
c) Regulating waste disposal
d) Managing urban sprawl
Answer: b) Preventing soil erosion
Explanation: Watershed management aims to prevent soil erosion by implementing soil conservation practices, restoring vegetation cover, and promoting sustainable land use within a watershed to protect water quality and maintain ecosystem health.
19. Which environmental legislation in India focuses on protecting and conserving wildlife?
a) Environment Protection Act
b) Forest Conservation Act
c) Wildlife Protection Act
d) Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act
Answer: c) Wildlife Protection Act
Explanation: The Wildlife Protection Act aims to protect and conserve wildlife species and their habitats by regulating hunting, trade, and transportation of wildlife, promoting conservation efforts, and preventing biodiversity loss in India.
20. What is a significant concern associated with resettlement and rehabilitation of people due to development projects?
a) Loss of cultural heritage
b) Increase in urbanization
c) Expansion of industrial zones
d) Growth of informal settlements
Answer: a) Loss of cultural heritage
Explanation: Resettlement and rehabilitation efforts often lead to the loss of cultural heritage, traditions, and social cohesion among displaced communities, highlighting the socio-cultural impacts of development projects and the need for inclusive planning and mitigation measures.