1.Which term refers to the variety of genes within a species?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Biogeographical diversity
Answer: a) Genetic diversity
Explanation: Genetic diversity encompasses the variety of genes within a species, allowing it to adapt to changing environments and ensuring its survival.
2.India is classified as a mega-diversity nation due to its:
a) Extensive industrial development
b) High population density
c) Rich biodiversity
d) Advanced technological infrastructure
Answer: c) Rich biodiversity
Explanation: India is considered a mega-diversity nation due to its exceptionally high levels of biodiversity, including various ecosystems and a wide range of species.
3.Which of the following represents the value of biodiversity related to its direct use by humans, such as food, medicine, and raw materials?
a) Consumptive use value
b) Productive use value
c) Social value
d) Ethical value
Answer: a) Consumptive use value
Explanation: Consumptive use value of biodiversity refers to its direct utilization by humans for various purposes like food, medicine, and raw materials.
4.The conservation strategy that involves protecting species within their natural habitats is known as:
a) Ex-situ conservation
b) In-situ conservation
c) Protected area conservation
d) Habitat restoration
Answer: b) In-situ conservation
Explanation: In-situ conservation involves the protection of species within their natural habitats to maintain their populations and ecological roles.
5.Which of the following is a threat to biodiversity caused by the illegal hunting or capturing of wildlife?
a) Habitat loss
b) Poaching
c) Pollution
d) Climate change
Answer: b) Poaching
Explanation: Poaching refers to the illegal hunting or capturing of wildlife, which can lead to population declines and extinction of species.
6.Endemic species are those that:
a) Exist only in specific habitats
b) Are found all over the world
c) Are not affected by habitat loss
d) Have high reproductive rates
Answer: a) Exist only in specific habitats
Explanation: Endemic species are those that are native to and found only within specific geographic areas, making them particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and other threats.
7.Which level of biodiversity refers to the variety of ecosystems present in a region?
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Biogeographical diversity
Answer: c) Ecosystem diversity
Explanation: Ecosystem diversity encompasses the variety of ecosystems present in a region, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, and marine environments.
8.Hotspots of biodiversity are areas that:
a) Have high levels of habitat destruction
b) Experience extreme temperatures
c) Contain a large number of endemic species
d) Lack biodiversity conservation efforts
Answer: c) Contain a large number of endemic species
Explanation: Hotspots of biodiversity are regions characterized by exceptionally high levels of species richness and endemism, making them conservation priorities.
9.Which conservation approach involves the protection of species outside their natural habitats, often in zoos, botanical gardens, or seed banks?
a) In-situ conservation
b) Ex-situ conservation
c) Habitat restoration
d) Protected area conservation
Answer: b) Ex-situ conservation
Explanation: Ex-situ conservation involves the conservation of species outside their natural habitats, often in controlled environments like zoos, botanical gardens, or seed banks.
10.What is the term for the value of biodiversity associated with its role in providing cultural and recreational benefits to humans?
a) Productive use value
b) Social value
c) Ethical value
d) Aesthetic value
Answer: d) Aesthetic value
Explanation: Aesthetic value refers to the value of biodiversity associated with its role in providing cultural and recreational benefits, such as enjoyment and appreciation of nature’s beauty.
11.Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
a) Climate change
b) Habitat restoration
c) Pollution
d) Invasive species
Answer: b) Habitat restoration
Explanation: Habitat restoration aims to improve habitats for species and is actually a conservation measure rather than a threat to biodiversity.
12.The classification of biodiversity that refers to the variety of species within a given area is:
a) Genetic diversity
b) Species diversity
c) Ecosystem diversity
d) Biogeographical diversity
Answer: b) Species diversity
Explanation: Species diversity refers to the variety of species within a given area, reflecting the richness and abundance of different organisms.
13.What term is used to describe the unique values and potential benefits of biodiversity that are currently unknown or not fully understood?
a) Consumptive use value
b) Productive use value
c) Option value
d) Aesthetic value
Answer: c) Option value
Explanation: Option value refers to the unique values and potential benefits of biodiversity that are currently unknown or not fully understood but may be significant in the future.
14.Which type of conservation focuses on protecting species within their natural habitats?
a) Ex-situ conservation
b) In-situ conservation
c) Protected area conservation
d) Habitat restoration
Answer: b) In-situ conservation
Explanation: In-situ conservation involves protecting species within their natural habitats to maintain their populations and ecological roles.
15.What is the term for areas with exceptionally high levels of biodiversity and endemism?
a) Biodiversity hotspots
b) Mega-diversity regions
c) Conservation areas
d) Ecological niches
Answer: a) Biodiversity hotspots
Explanation: Biodiversity hotspots are regions characterized by exceptionally high levels of biodiversity and endemism, making them conservation priorities.
16.The conservation strategy that involves protecting species outside their natural habitats is known as:
a) In-situ conservation
b) Ex-situ conservation
c) Protected area conservation
d) Habitat restoration
Answer: b) Ex-situ conservation
Explanation: Ex-situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitats, often in controlled environments like zoos, botanical gardens, or seed banks.
17.Which of the following represents the value of biodiversity associated with its role in providing direct benefits to humans, such as food, medicine, and resources?
a) Social value
b) Consumptive use value
c) Aesthetic value
d) Ethical value
Answer: b) Consumptive use value
Explanation: Consumptive use value refers to the direct benefits that humans derive from biodiversity, such as food, medicine, and resources.
18.Endangered species are those that:
a) Exist only in specific habitats
b) Are found all over the world
c) Are not affected by habitat loss
d) Face a high risk of extinction
Answer: d) Face a high risk of extinction
Explanation: Endangered species are those facing a high risk of extinction in the wild if their populations continue to decline.
19. Man-wildlife conflicts are primarily caused by:
a) Overpopulation of wildlife
b) Habitat destruction
c) Lack of conservation efforts
d) Human encroachment into natural habitats
Answer: d) Human encroachment into natural habitats
Explanation: Man-wildlife conflicts often arise due to human activities such as encroachment into natural habitats, leading to increased interactions and conflicts between humans and wildlife.
- Which level of biodiversity refers to the variation of genes within a species?
a) Ecosystem diversity
b) Genetic diversity
c) Species diversity
d) Biogeographical diversity
Answer: b) Genetic diversity Explanation: Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within a species, which is crucial for adaptation, resilience, and long-term survival of populations.