1. What is NoSQL?
a) A form of structured query language
b) A type of database management system
c) A programming language
d) A data visualization tool
Answer: b) A type of database management system
Explanation: NoSQL stands for “Not Only SQL” or “Non-SQL.” It is a database management system that provides a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
2. Which of the following is a key business driver for adopting NoSQL databases?
a) ACID compliance
b) Schema flexibility
c) High cost
d) Limited scalability
Answer: b) Schema flexibility
Explanation: One of the key business drivers for adopting NoSQL databases is their flexibility in handling various types of data without the need for a predefined schema, allowing for easier adaptation to changing business requirements.
3. Which NoSQL data architectural pattern is focused on handling large volumes of data with high velocity?
a) Document-oriented
b) Key-value store
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: c) Column-family
Explanation: Column-family databases are designed to handle large volumes of data with high velocity by organizing data into columns rather than rows, making them suitable for scenarios where massive amounts of data need to be processed quickly.
4. What is a common variation of NoSQL architectural patterns used for managing big data analytics workloads?
a) Document-oriented databases
b) Graph databases
c) Wide-column stores
d) Key-value stores
Answer: c) Wide-column stores
Explanation: Wide-column stores, also known as column-family databases, are a common variation of NoSQL architectural patterns used for managing big data analytics workloads due to their ability to efficiently handle large volumes of data with high velocity.
5. MongoDB is an example of which type of NoSQL database?
a) Key-value store
b) Document-oriented
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: b) Document-oriented
Explanation: MongoDB is a popular document-oriented NoSQL database that stores data in flexible, JSON-like documents, making it suitable for a wide range of use cases where schema flexibility and scalability are required.
6. Which of the following statements is true about NoSQL databases?
a) They strictly adhere to the ACID properties
b) They are only suitable for small-scale applications
c) They sacrifice consistency for scalability
d) They require a fixed schema
Answer: c) They sacrifice consistency for scalability
Explanation: NoSQL databases often sacrifice strict consistency in favor of improved scalability, making them suitable for distributed systems and applications where high availability and partition tolerance are more critical than strict consistency.
7. Which NoSQL database type is optimized for storing and retrieving data in a key-value pair format?
a) Column-family
b) Graph
c) Key-value store
d) Document-oriented
Answer: c) Key-value store
Explanation: Key-value stores are NoSQL databases optimized for storing and retrieving data in a simple key-value pair format, making them efficient for scenarios where fast access to data by key is essential.
8. What is a characteristic feature of document-oriented NoSQL databases?
a) They enforce a rigid schema
b) They store data in tables with rows and columns
c) They use JSON-like documents for data storage
d) They are primarily used for graph-based data
Answer: c) They use JSON-like documents for data storage
Explanation: Document-oriented NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB, store data in flexible, JSON-like documents, allowing for dynamic schemas and easy representation of complex data structures.
9. Which NoSQL database type is suitable for representing and querying highly interconnected data?
a) Key-value store
b) Document-oriented
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: d) Graph
Explanation: Graph databases are designed for representing and querying highly interconnected data, making them suitable for scenarios such as social networks, recommendation engines, and network topologies.
10. What does ACID stand for in the context of database transactions?
a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
b) Association, Collaboration, Integration, Deployment
c) Availability, Compatibility, Integration, Deployment
d) Atomicity, Consistency, Integrity, Durability
Answer: a) Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability
Explanation: ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability, which are the four key properties of database transactions aimed at ensuring reliability, consistency, and integrity of data.
11. Which NoSQL database type is known for its ability to handle hierarchical data structures efficiently?
a) Column-family
b) Graph
c) Key-value store
d) Document-oriented
Answer: d) Document-oriented
Explanation: Document-oriented databases are well-suited for handling hierarchical data structures efficiently because they store data in flexible, JSON-like documents, allowing for nested structures and complex data relationships.
12. Which NoSQL architectural pattern is designed for storing and querying data in a tabular format with dynamic columns?
a) Key-value store
b) Document-oriented
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: c) Column-family
Explanation: Column-family databases are designed for storing and querying data in a tabular format with dynamic columns, making them suitable for scenarios where flexibility in data schema and efficient handling of large volumes of data are required.
13. Which NoSQL database type is typically associated with high availability and fault tolerance?
a) Key-value store
b) Document-oriented
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: a) Key-value store
Explanation: Key-value stores are often associated with high availability and fault tolerance because of their simple data model and distributed architecture, making them suitable for scenarios where continuous uptime and resilience to failures are critical.
14. Which NoSQL database type is best suited for representing semi-structured data?
a) Key-value store
b) Document-oriented
c) Column-family
d) Graph
Answer: b) Document-oriented
Explanation: Document-oriented databases are best suited for representing semi-structured data because they allow for flexible schemas and can easily accommodate varying data formats and structures within individual documents.
15. What is a characteristic feature of wide-column stores in NoSQL databases?
a) They store data in rows and columns like traditional relational databases
b) They use a strict schema definition for data modeling
c) They are optimized for handling highly interconnected data
d) They allow for efficient storage and retrieval of large volumes of data
Answer: d) They allow for efficient storage and retrieval of large volumes of data
Explanation: Wide-column stores in NoSQL databases are optimized for handling large volumes of data efficiently by organizing data into columns rather than rows, allowing for fast storage and retrieval operations, especially in scenarios with high velocity and volume of data.