1. Which of the following best describes a software development methodology?
a) A set of tools used for coding
b) A framework for managing and controlling the software development process
c) A programming language
d) A database management system
Answer: b) A framework for managing and controlling the software development process
Explanation: A software development methodology outlines the process, procedures, and guidelines to manage and control the software development lifecycle.
2. What is the purpose of a software quality model?
a) To increase development speed
b) To decrease customer satisfaction
c) To evaluate and ensure the quality of software products
d) To reduce project costs
Answer: c) To evaluate and ensure the quality of software products
Explanation: A software quality model provides a structured approach to evaluate and ensure the quality attributes of software products.
3. Which of the following is an example of a software development methodology?
a) Waterfall
b) Microsoft Excel
c) Adobe Photoshop
d) Google Chrome
Answer: a) Waterfall
Explanation: Waterfall is a traditional software development methodology characterized by sequential phases.
4. What are some common issues associated with the Waterfall software development model?
a) Lack of flexibility
b) Increased collaboration
c) Rapid iteration
d) Early detection of defects
Answer: a) Lack of flexibility
Explanation: Waterfall is known for its lack of flexibility, as it follows a sequential process that may not accommodate changes easily.
5. Which software development model emphasizes iterative development and customer feedback?
a) Waterfall
b) Agile
c) Spiral
d) V-Model
Answer: b) Agile
Explanation: Agile methodology emphasizes iterative development, collaboration, and customer feedback.
6. What is a common issue associated with Agile software development?
a) Lack of customer involvement
b) Overemphasis on documentation
c) Slow development pace
d) Rigidity
Answer: a) Lack of customer involvement
Explanation: Agile requires active customer involvement, and lack thereof can lead to project issues.
7. Which software architecture framework emphasizes modifiability, availability, and performance?
a) TOGAF
b) Zachman Framework
c) ISO/IEC 42010
d) ATAM
Answer: d) ATAM (Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method)
Explanation: ATAM focuses on identifying and analyzing architectural trade-offs related to modifiability, availability, and performance.
8. Which architectural pattern focuses on breaking down a system into smaller, independent modules?
a) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
b) Layered Architecture
c) Client-Server
d) Microservices
Answer: b) Layered Architecture
Explanation: Layered Architecture breaks down a system into layers, each responsible for a specific aspect of functionality.
9. What is the purpose of a reference model in software architecture?
a) To provide a standard for comparison
b) To develop software applications
c) To conduct market research
d) To design user interfaces
Answer: a) To provide a standard for comparison
Explanation: A reference model serves as a standard against which other architectures can be compared and evaluated.
10. Which architectural pattern emphasizes communication between separate components over a network?
a) Monolithic Architecture
b) Microservices
c) Layered Architecture
d) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Answer: b) Microservices
Explanation: Microservices architecture decomposes an application into smaller, independent services that communicate over a network.
11. What is the main focus of the Architecture Business Cycle (ABC)?
a) Software development methodologies
b) Software architecture evolution
c) Software testing
d) Project management
Answer: b) Software architecture evolution
Explanation: The Architecture Business Cycle focuses on managing and evolving software architecture over time.
12. Which architectural pattern emphasizes separating the presentation layer, business logic, and data access layer?
a) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
b) Microservices
c) Layered Architecture
d) Event-Driven Architecture
Answer: a) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Explanation: MVC separates the presentation layer, business logic, and data access layer to improve maintainability and scalability.
13. What does TOGAF stand for?
a) Technical Operations Group Application Framework
b) The Open Group Architecture Framework
c) Technology Oriented Generic Application Foundation
d) The Origin Group Application Form
Answer: b) The Open Group Architecture Framework
Explanation: TOGAF is a widely used framework for designing, planning, implementing, and governing enterprise information technology architecture.
14. Which software architecture framework focuses on defining a set of viewpoints to address different stakeholders’ concerns?
a) ATAM
b) Zachman Framework
c) ISO/IEC 42010
d) TOGAF
Answer: c) ISO/IEC 42010
Explanation: ISO/IEC 42010 provides a standard for describing the architecture of systems using multiple viewpoints.
15. What is the primary goal of architectural patterns?
a) To increase project costs
b) To decrease software complexity
c) To standardize architectural design solutions
d) To ignore best practices
Answer: c) To standardize architectural design solutions
Explanation: Architectural patterns provide standardized solutions to recurring architectural design problems.
16. Which architectural pattern emphasizes event-driven communication between components?
a) Layered Architecture
b) Microservices
c) Event-Driven Architecture
d) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Answer: c) Event-Driven Architecture
Explanation: Event-Driven Architecture focuses on the production, detection, consumption, and reaction to events.
17. What is a common challenge associated with Microservices architecture?
a) Tight coupling between components
b) Monolithic design
c) Difficulty in scaling
d) Limited fault isolation
Answer: d) Limited fault isolation
Explanation: Microservices architecture can face challenges related to fault isolation due to its distributed nature.
18. Which architectural pattern is characterized by a single, self-contained unit of deployment?
a) Monolithic Architecture
b) Layered Architecture
c) Microservices
d) Event-Driven Architecture
Answer: a) Monolithic Architecture
Explanation: Monolithic Architecture packages all components of the application into a single deployable unit.
19. What does the Zachman Framework aim to achieve?
a) Software development speed
b) Customer satisfaction
c) Standardization of enterprise architecture artifacts
d) Decrease in project costs
Answer: c) Standardization of enterprise architecture artifacts
Explanation: The Zachman Framework aims to provide a standardized approach for defining and understanding enterprise architecture artifacts.
20. Which architectural pattern focuses on dividing an application into three interconnected components?
a) Layered Architecture
b) Microservices
c) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
d) Client-Server
Answer: c) MVC (Model-View-Controller)
Explanation: MVC divides an application into Model, View, and Controller components to separate concerns and improve maintainability.