1. What is the purpose of static analysis in software development?
a) To execute the code and identify runtime errors
b) To analyze the code without executing it to find potential issues
c) To test the code’s functionality through user interactions
d) To debug the code during runtime
Answer: b) To analyze the code without executing it to find potential issues
Explanation: Static analysis involves examining the code without executing it to identify potential defects, security vulnerabilities, or adherence to coding standards.
2. Which technique involves a manual examination of code to identify defects and improve quality?
a) Black-box testing
b) White-box testing
c) Code inspections
d) Integration testing
Answer: c) Code inspections
Explanation: Code inspections involve a manual examination of code by peers to identify defects, improve code quality, and ensure adherence to coding standards.
3. Which testing level focuses on verifying the interactions between integrated components or modules?
a) Unit testing
b) System testing
c) Integration testing
d) Acceptance testing
Answer: c) Integration testing
Explanation: Integration testing verifies the interactions and interfaces between integrated components or modules to ensure they function together correctly.
4. What is the purpose of a test oracle?
a) To design test cases
b) To execute test cases
c) To evaluate test results
d) To specify the expected outcome of test cases
Answer: d) To specify the expected outcome of test cases
Explanation: A test oracle specifies the expected outcomes of test cases, helping testers determine whether the system under test behaves correctly.
5. Which test technique examines the functionality of software without considering its internal structure?
a) Black-box testing
b) White-box testing
c) Gray-box testing
d) Regression testing
Answer: a) Black-box testing
Explanation: Black-box testing focuses on examining the functionality of software without considering its internal structure, focusing solely on inputs and outputs.
6. What type of testing evaluates individual units or components of a software application?
a) Integration testing
b) System testing
c) Acceptance testing
d) Unit testing
Answer: d) Unit testing
Explanation: Unit testing evaluates individual units or components of a software application in isolation to ensure they function correctly.
7. Which testing framework is commonly used for unit testing in Java applications?
a) JUnit
b) PyTest
c) NUnit
d) Jasmine
Answer: a) JUnit
Explanation: JUnit is a widely used testing framework for unit testing in Java applications.
8. What is the primary focus of system testing?
a) Testing individual components
b) Testing the entire system as a whole
c) Verifying integration between modules
d) Ensuring code quality
Answer: b) Testing the entire system as a whole
Explanation: System testing focuses on testing the entire system as a whole to ensure that it meets specified requirements and functions correctly in its intended environment.
9. Which specialized testing technique focuses on assessing how a system performs under stress or high load?
a) Usability testing
b) Performance testing
c) Security testing
d) Compatibility testing
Answer: b) Performance testing
Explanation: Performance testing evaluates how a system performs under specific conditions, such as high load or stress, to ensure it meets performance requirements.
10. What is a test plan in software testing?
a) A document specifying the test approach, objectives, and activities
b) A tool used for executing test cases
c) A framework for automated testing
d) A set of metrics used to evaluate test effectiveness
Answer: a) A document specifying the test approach, objectives, and activities
Explanation: A test plan is a document that outlines the test approach, objectives, scope, resources, and schedule for a testing project.
11. Which metric measures the number of defects found per unit of time during testing?
a) Defect density
b) Defect removal efficiency
c) Defect arrival rate
d) Test coverage
Answer: c) Defect arrival rate
Explanation: Defect arrival rate measures the number of defects found per unit of time during testing, providing insights into defect detection efficiency.
12. Which testing tool is commonly used for automated functional testing of web applications?
a) JIRA
b) Selenium
c) Jenkins
d) Apache JMeter
Answer: b) Selenium
Explanation: Selenium is a popular testing tool used for automated functional testing of web applications.
13. In object-oriented analysis and design (OOAD), what is a class?
a) A specific instance of an object
b) A template for creating objects
c) A method for performing a specific action
d) A collection of attributes
Answer: b) A template for creating objects
Explanation: In OOAD, a class serves as a template or blueprint for creating objects with similar properties and behaviors.
14. Which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) involves transforming requirements into an object-oriented model?
a) Analysis
b) Design
c) Implementation
d) Testing
Answer: b) Design
Explanation: The design phase of the SDLC involves transforming requirements gathered during the analysis phase into an object-oriented model.
15. How does object-oriented analysis differ from structured software engineering?
a) Object-oriented analysis focuses on data structures, while structured software engineering focuses on control structures.
b) Object-oriented analysis emphasizes encapsulation, while structured software engineering emphasizes modularity.
c) Object-oriented analysis models systems using objects and their interactions, while structured software engineering uses hierarchical structures.
d) Object-oriented analysis is more suitable for large-scale systems, while structured software engineering is preferred for small-scale projects.
Answer: c) Object-oriented analysis models systems using objects and their interactions, while structured software engineering uses hierarchical structures.
Explanation: Object-oriented analysis focuses on modeling systems using objects and their interactions, whereas structured software engineering typically employs hierarchical structures and procedural approaches.
16. What is a unit in unit testing?
a) A single line of code
b) The smallest testable part of an application
c) A test case
d) A function or method
Answer: b) The smallest testable part of an application
Explanation: In unit testing, a unit refers to the smallest testable part of an application, such as a function, method, or class.
17. Which type of testing involves executing the software application with the intent of finding defects?
a) Validation testing
b) Verification testing
c) White-box testing
d) Black-box testing
Answer: d) Black-box testing
Explanation: Black-box testing involves executing the software application with the intent of finding defects by examining its functionality without considering its internal structure.
18. What is the purpose of a testing framework?
a) To execute test cases manually
b) To automate the testing process
c) To analyze test results
d) To document test cases
Answer: b) To automate the testing process
Explanation: A testing framework provides tools and utilities to automate the testing process, including test case execution, reporting, and management.
19. Which testing technique is also known as glass-box testing?
a) White-box testing
b) Black-box testing
c) Gray-box testing
d) Integration testing
Answer: a) White-box testing
Explanation: White-box testing, also known as glass-box testing, involves examining the internal structure and logic of the software application.
20. Which type of testing focuses on verifying the behavior of the entire system?
a) Unit testing
b) Integration testing
c) System testing
d) Acceptance testing
Answer: c) System testing
Explanation: System testing focuses on verifying the behavior of the entire system to ensure it meets specified requirements and functions correctly in its intended environment.
21. What is the primary objective of acceptance testing?
a) To identify defects in the software
b) To verify the system meets specified requirements
c) To validate the software against user expectations
d) To ensure code quality
Answer: c) To validate the software against user expectations
Explanation: Acceptance testing validates the software against user expectations and verifies that it meets specified requirements before it is accepted for deployment.
22. Which testing level evaluates the interactions between integrated components or modules?
a) Unit testing
b) System testing
c) Integration testing
d) Acceptance testing
Answer: c) Integration testing
Explanation: Integration testing evaluates the interactions and interfaces between integrated components or modules to ensure they function together correctly.
23. Which testing technique relies on input values and their corresponding output values?
a) Boundary value analysis
b) Equivalence partitioning
c) Decision table testing
d) Cause-effect graphing
Answer: c) Decision table testing
Explanation: Decision table testing relies on input values and their corresponding output values to derive test cases and verify system behavior.
24. What is the purpose of a test case?
a) To design the software application
b) To execute the software application
c) To verify the behavior of a specific feature or functionality
d) To analyze code coverage
Answer: c) To verify the behavior of a specific feature or functionality
Explanation: A test case is a set of conditions or actions used to verify the behavior of a specific feature or functionality of a software application.
25. Which metric measures the percentage of code exercised by tests?
a) Test coverage
b) Defect density
c) Defect removal efficiency
d) Test effectiveness
Answer: a) Test coverage
Explanation: Test coverage measures the percentage of code exercised by tests, indicating how much of the code has been executed during testing.
26. Which type of testing examines how well a system performs under normal conditions?
a) Stress testing
b) Usability testing
c) Regression testing
d) Functional testing
Answer: d) Functional testing
Explanation: Functional testing examines how well a system performs under normal conditions to ensure it meets specified functional requirements.
27. What is the purpose of a testing tool?
a) To design software applications
b) To execute test cases manually
c) To automate the testing process
d) To analyze code quality
Answer: c) To automate the testing process
Explanation: Testing tools are used to automate various aspects of the testing process, including test case execution, reporting, and management, to improve efficiency and effectiveness.
28. Which phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) involves gathering and analyzing user requirements?
a) Analysis
b) Design
c) Implementation
d) Testing
Answer: a) Analysis
Explanation: The analysis phase of the SDLC involves gathering and analyzing user requirements to understand the needs and constraints of the software project.
29. Which testing technique focuses on evaluating the user interface of a software application?
a) Usability testing
b) Security testing
c) Performance testing
d) Compatibility testing
Answer: a) Usability testing
Explanation: Usability testing focuses on evaluating the user interface and overall user experience of a software application to ensure it is intuitive and easy to use.
30. What is the purpose of a test plan in software testing?
a) To design test cases
b) To execute test cases
c) To document the test approach and objectives
d) To analyze test results
Answer: c) To document the test approach and objectives
Explanation: A test plan is a document that outlines the test approach, objectives, scope, resources, and schedule for a testing project, providing guidance for the testing process.