1. Which component of the CPU stores the data currently being processed?
a) Memory Register
b) General Register
c) Instruction Register
d) Control Word
Answer: b) General Register
Explanation: General registers in the CPU store data that is currently being processed, allowing for quick access and manipulation by the arithmetic logic unit (ALU).
2. What component holds the next instruction to be executed by the CPU?
a) Memory Register
b) General Register
c) Instruction Register
d) Stack Organization
Answer: c) Instruction Register
Explanation: The instruction register holds the next instruction to be executed by the CPU. It is a part of the CPU’s control unit.
3. Which part of the CPU controls the operation of all other components?
a) Memory Register
b) Instruction Register
c) Control Unit
d) ALU
Answer: c) Control Unit
Explanation: The control unit of the CPU is responsible for directing the operation of all other components according to the instructions fetched from memory.
4. What type of organization is used for managing subroutine calls and returns in a computer system?
a) Memory Register
b) General Register
c) Instruction Register
d) Stack Organization
Answer: d) Stack Organization
Explanation: Stack organization is commonly used for managing subroutine calls and returns, allowing for efficient memory management and control flow.
5. Which component of the CPU performs arithmetic and logical operations?
a) Memory Register
b) General Register
c) ALU
d) Control Word
Answer: c) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)
Explanation: The ALU performs arithmetic and logical operations on data stored in the general registers, according to the instructions provided by the control unit.
6. How does data move between the CPU and external devices in a computer system?
a) Through the Memory Register
b) Through the General Register
c) Through the ALU
d) Through the I/O System
Answer: d) Through the I/O System
Explanation: Data moves between the CPU and external devices through the Input/Output (I/O) system, which manages the communication between the CPU and peripherals.
7. Which component of the CPU stores the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched?
a) Program Counter
b) Memory Register
c) Instruction Register
d) Control Word
Answer: a) Program Counter
Explanation: The program counter holds the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched from memory for execution by the CPU.
8. What is the primary function of the bus in a computer system?
a) To execute instructions
b) To store data temporarily
c) To transfer data between components
d) To control the ALU
Answer: c) To transfer data between components
Explanation: The bus facilitates the transfer of data between various components of the computer system, such as the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
9. In which language are data transfers between CPU and memory typically described?
a) Assembly Language
b) High-level Language
c) Machine Language
d) Register Transfer Language
Answer: d) Register Transfer Language
Explanation: Register Transfer Language (RTL) is used to describe data transfers between the CPU and memory at the hardware level, specifying operations on registers and buses.
10. What determines how memory locations are accessed in a computer system?
a) Program Counter
b) Addressing Modes
c) Instruction Format
d) ALU
Answer: b) Addressing Modes
Explanation: Addressing modes determine how memory locations are accessed based on the instructions provided by the CPU, influencing the execution of programs.
11. What is the fundamental concept underlying the execution of instructions by the CPU?
a) Memory Organization
b) Control Unit Organization
c) Instruction Set Architecture
d) Instruction Types
Answer: c) Instruction Set Architecture
Explanation: The instruction set architecture defines the set of instructions that a CPU can execute, providing the fundamental framework for program execution.
12. Which type of instruction specifies an operation to be performed by the CPU?
a) Data Transfer Instruction
b) Control Transfer Instruction
c) Arithmetic Instruction
d) Micro Instruction
Answer: c) Arithmetic Instruction
Explanation: Arithmetic instructions specify operations to be performed by the CPU, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
13. In which format are micro instructions typically stored in a microprogrammed control unit?
a) Binary
b) Decimal
c) Hexadecimal
d) Octal
Answer: a) Binary
Explanation: Micro instructions in a microprogrammed control unit are typically stored in binary format, representing individual control signals for the CPU.
14. What is the sequence of steps followed by the CPU to execute instructions?
a) Instruction Execution Cycle
b) Microprogram Sequencer
c) Instruction Fetch and Execution Cycle
d) Memory Program Counter
Answer: c) Instruction Fetch and Execution Cycle
Explanation: The instruction fetch and execution cycle describes the sequence of steps followed by the CPU to fetch instructions from memory and execute them.
15. What type of control unit uses fixed logic circuits to control the operation of the CPU?
a) Hardwired Control Unit
b) Microprogrammed Control Unit
c) Control Memory
d) Sequencing Unit
Answer: a) Hardwired Control Unit
Explanation: A hardwired control unit uses fixed logic circuits to control the operation of the CPU, directly implementing the control logic for instruction execution.
16. Which component of a microprogrammed control unit stores the micro instructions?
a) Microprogram Sequencer
b) Control Memory
c) Instruction Register
d) Micro Instruction Formats
Answer: b) Control Memory
Explanation: Control memory in a microprogrammed control unit stores the micro instructions, providing the sequence of control signals to be executed by the CPU.
17. How are micro instructions sequenced in a microprogrammed control unit?
a) Through the Instruction Register
b) Through the Microprogram Sequencer
c) Through the Control Memory
d) Through the Memory Register
Answer: b) Through the Microprogram Sequencer
Explanation: The microprogram sequencer in a microprogrammed control unit controls the sequencing of micro instructions, determining the order of execution.
18. Which unit in a computer system is responsible for the execution of micro instructions?
a) Arithmetic Logic Unit
b) Control Unit
c) Memory Unit
d) Input/Output Unit
Answer: b) Control Unit
Explanation: The control unit in a computer system is responsible for the execution of micro instructions, coordinating the operation of other components.
19. What determines the sequence in which micro instructions are executed by the CPU?
a) Instruction Format
b) Micro Instruction Formats
c) Control Word
d) Microprogram Sequencer
Answer: d) Microprogram Sequencer
Explanation: The microprogram sequencer determines the sequence in which micro instructions are executed by the CPU, controlling the flow of control signals.
20. Which component of the CPU is responsible for directing the flow of data between the CPU and memory?
a) ALU
b) Control Unit
c) Memory Register
d) Bus
**Answer: b) Control
Unit**
Explanation: The control unit of the CPU directs the flow of data between the CPU and memory, coordinating the execution of instructions.
21. How are instructions represented in a computer system for execution?
a) In binary format
b) In decimal format
c) In hexadecimal format
d) In octal format
Answer: a) In binary format
Explanation: Instructions in a computer system are typically represented in binary format, consisting of sequences of bits that encode specific operations.
22. Which component of the CPU holds temporary data and operands for arithmetic and logical operations?
a) Program Counter
b) Memory Register
c) General Register
d) Instruction Register
Answer: c) General Register
Explanation: General registers in the CPU hold temporary data and operands for arithmetic and logical operations, providing fast access for processing.
23. How does the CPU determine the next instruction to be executed in a program?
a) Through the Instruction Register
b) Through the Control Unit
c) Through the Program Counter
d) Through the Memory Register
Answer: c) Through the Program Counter
Explanation: The program counter holds the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched and executed by the CPU, determining the program flow.
24. Which component of the CPU interprets instructions fetched from memory and generates control signals?
a) ALU
b) Memory Register
c) Control Unit
d) Instruction Register
Answer: c) Control Unit
Explanation: The control unit interprets instructions fetched from memory and generates control signals to coordinate the operation of other CPU components.
25. What role does the control word play in the operation of the CPU?
a) It stores data temporarily
b) It executes arithmetic and logical operations
c) It generates control signals
d) It stores program instructions
Answer: c) It generates control signals
Explanation: The control word contains control signals generated by the control unit, directing the operation of other components within the CPU.
26. How does the CPU manage the execution of subroutine calls and returns?
a) Through the Program Counter
b) Through the Stack Organization
c) Through the Control Unit
d) Through the Memory Register
Answer: b) Through the Stack Organization
Explanation: The stack organization is commonly used by the CPU to manage subroutine calls and returns, maintaining the execution context of programs.
27. What is the function of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) in the CPU?
a) To store program instructions
b) To execute arithmetic and logical operations
c) To generate control signals
d) To transfer data between components
Answer: b) To execute arithmetic and logical operations
Explanation: The ALU in the CPU performs arithmetic and logical operations on data stored in registers, according to the instructions provided.
28. How does the CPU communicate with external devices such as keyboards and monitors?
a) Through the General Register
b) Through the ALU
c) Through the Control Unit
d) Through the I/O System
Answer: d) Through the I/O System
Explanation: The CPU communicates with external devices such as keyboards and monitors through the Input/Output (I/O) system, managing data transfer.
29. What is the purpose of the bus in a computer system?
a) To execute instructions
b) To store program instructions
c) To transfer data between components
d) To generate control signals
Answer: c) To transfer data between components
Explanation: The bus facilitates the transfer of data between various components of the computer system, such as the CPU, memory, and peripherals.
30. How are data transfers between the CPU and memory described at the hardware level?
a) In Assembly Language
b) In High-level Language
c) In Machine Language
d) In Register Transfer Language
Answer: d) In Register Transfer Language
Explanation: Data transfers between the CPU and memory at the hardware level are described using Register Transfer Language (RTL), specifying operations on registers and buses.
31. What determines how memory locations are accessed during program execution?
a) Program Counter
b) Addressing Modes
c) Instruction Format
d) ALU
Answer: b) Addressing Modes
Explanation: Addressing modes determine how memory locations are accessed during program execution, influencing the flow of instructions.
32. What defines the set of operations that a CPU can execute?
a) Memory Organization
b) Control Unit Organization
c) Instruction Set Architecture
d) Instruction Types
Answer: c) Instruction Set Architecture
Explanation: The instruction set architecture defines the set of operations that a CPU can execute, providing the foundation for program execution.
33. Which type of instruction specifies control flow in a program?
a) Data Transfer Instruction
b) Control Transfer Instruction
c) Arithmetic Instruction
d) Micro Instruction
Answer: b) Control Transfer Instruction
Explanation: Control transfer instructions specify control flow in a program, such as branching and subroutine calls.
34. In what format are micro instructions typically stored in a microprogrammed control unit?
a) Binary
b) Decimal
c) Hexadecimal
d) Octal
Answer: a) Binary
Explanation: Micro instructions in a microprogrammed control unit are typically stored in binary format, representing control signals for the CPU.
35. What is the sequence of steps followed by the CPU to execute instructions?
a) Instruction Execution Cycle
b) Microprogram Sequencer
c) Instruction Fetch and Execution Cycle
d) Memory Program Counter
Answer: c) Instruction Fetch and Execution Cycle
Explanation: The instruction fetch and execution cycle outlines the sequence of steps followed by the CPU to fetch instructions from memory and execute them.
36. Which type of control unit uses fixed logic circuits to control the operation of the CPU?
a) Hardwired Control Unit
b) Microprogrammed Control Unit
c) Control Memory
d) Sequencing Unit
Answer: a) Hardwired Control Unit
Explanation: A hardwired control unit employs fixed logic circuits to control the operation of the CPU, directly implementing control logic.
37. Which component of a microprogrammed control unit stores the micro instructions?
a) Microprogram Sequencer
b) Control Memory
c) Instruction Register
d) Micro Instruction Formats
Answer: b) Control Memory
Explanation: Control memory in a microprogrammed control unit stores the micro instructions, providing control signals for the CPU.
38. How are micro instructions sequenced in a microprogrammed control unit?
a) Through the Instruction Register
b) Through the Microprogram Sequencer
c) Through the Control Memory
d) Through the Memory Register
Answer: b) Through the Microprogram Sequencer
Explanation: The microprogram sequencer controls the sequencing of micro instructions in a microprogrammed control unit, determining the execution order.
39. Which unit in a computer system is responsible for executing micro instructions?
a) Arithmetic Logic Unit
b) Control Unit
c) Memory Unit
d) Input/Output Unit
Answer: b) Control Unit
Explanation: The control unit in a computer system executes micro instructions, coordinating the operation of other components.
40. What determines the sequence in which micro instructions are executed by the CPU?
a) Instruction
Format
b) Micro Instruction Formats
c) Control Word
d) Microprogram Sequencer
Answer: d) Microprogram Sequencer
Explanation: The microprogram sequencer determines the sequence in which micro instructions are executed by the CPU, controlling the flow of control signals.