1. What is a key characteristic of a Scrum team?
a) Hierarchical structure
b) Fixed roles and responsibilities
c) Flexible adaptability
d) Detailed documentation
Answer: c) Flexible adaptability
Explanation: Scrum teams are known for their flexibility and adaptability, allowing them to respond to changes quickly and effectively.
2. Which methodology emphasizes continuous improvement through small, frequent releases?
a) Waterfall
b) Agile
c) Lean
d) Six Sigma
Answer: b) Agile
Explanation: Agile methodologies focus on iterative development and continuous improvement through small, frequent releases.
3. In Agile, what is the purpose of a retrospective?
a) To assign blame for project issues
b) To celebrate project milestones
c) To identify areas for improvement
d) To finalize project documentation
Answer: c) To identify areas for improvement
Explanation: Retrospectives in Agile projects provide teams with an opportunity to reflect on their processes and identify areas for improvement.
4. What is a core principle of Extreme Programming (XP)?
a) Detailed upfront planning
b) Emphasis on individual heroics
c) Continuous feedback and testing
d) Fixed scope and timeline
Answer: c) Continuous feedback and testing
Explanation: Extreme Programming emphasizes continuous feedback and testing throughout the development process to ensure high-quality software.
5. Which Agile artifact is used to capture and prioritize requirements?
a) Product backlog
b) Gantt chart
c) Project charter
d) Work breakdown structure
Answer: a) Product backlog
Explanation: The product backlog in Agile projects is used to capture and prioritize requirements, typically in the form of user stories.
6. What is the primary responsibility of a Scrum Master?
a) Managing the project budget
b) Providing technical guidance
c) Facilitating the Scrum process
d) Writing code
Answer: c) Facilitating the Scrum process
Explanation: The Scrum Master’s primary responsibility is to facilitate the Scrum process and ensure that the team adheres to Agile principles and practices.
7. Which Agile practice involves breaking work into small, manageable tasks?
a) Sprint planning
b) User story mapping
c) Task decomposition
d) Velocity tracking
Answer: c) Task decomposition
Explanation: Task decomposition involves breaking down work into small, manageable tasks to be completed within a sprint or iteration.
8. What is the purpose of release planning in Agile projects?
a) To assign tasks to team members
b) To prioritize user stories
c) To create a timeline for product releases
d) To conduct user acceptance testing
Answer: c) To create a timeline for product releases
Explanation: Release planning in Agile projects involves creating a timeline for product releases based on the prioritized product backlog.
9. Which Agile principle emphasizes the importance of sustainable development?
a) Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
b) Responding to change over following a plan
c) Delivering working software frequently
d) Agile processes promote sustainable development
Answer: d) Agile processes promote sustainable development
Explanation: This is a direct statement from the Agile Manifesto, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development practices.
10. What is the primary goal of a daily stand-up meeting in Agile?
a) Detailed status reporting
b) Problem-solving
c) Team coordination
d) Time tracking
Answer: c) Team coordination
Explanation: The primary goal of a daily stand-up meeting in Agile is to facilitate team coordination and ensure that everyone is aligned on the current status and upcoming tasks.
11. Which Agile methodology places a strong emphasis on customer collaboration?
a) Lean
b) Kanban
c) Scrum
d) Crystal
Answer: c) Scrum
Explanation: Scrum places a strong emphasis on customer collaboration, with regular feedback loops and involvement throughout the development process.
12. In Agile projects, who is responsible for prioritizing items in the product backlog?
a) Project manager
b) Product owner
c) Scrum Master
d) Development team
Answer: b) Product owner
Explanation: The product owner is responsible for prioritizing items in the product backlog based on business value and stakeholder needs.
13. Which Agile practice involves breaking down large features into smaller, more manageable user stories?
a) Incremental development
b) Story splitting
c) Acceptance criteria
d) Timeboxing
Answer: b) Story splitting
Explanation: Story splitting involves breaking down large features into smaller, more manageable user stories that can be completed within a single iteration.
14. What is the purpose of a burndown chart in Agile projects?
a) To track team velocity
b) To monitor project budget
c) To visualize progress over time
d) To prioritize backlog items
Answer: c) To visualize progress over time
Explanation: A burndown chart in Agile projects is used to visualize the progress of work completed versus the time remaining in the iteration or sprint.
15. Which Agile practice involves limiting the amount of work in progress to improve flow?
a) Daily stand-up meetings
b) Sprint planning
c) Continuous integration
d) Kanban
Answer: d) Kanban
Explanation: Kanban involves limiting the amount of work in progress (WIP) to improve flow and optimize the efficiency of the development process.
16. What is the purpose of user stories in Agile projects?
a) To define technical specifications
b) To estimate project duration
c) To capture user requirements
d) To document testing procedures
Answer: c) To capture user requirements
Explanation: User stories in Agile projects are used to capture user requirements from a user’s perspective, typically in a simple, non-technical format.
17. Which Agile practice involves self-organizing teams and cross-functional collaboration?
a) Pair programming
b) Test-driven development
c) Continuous deployment
d) Agile manifesto
Answer: a) Pair programming
Explanation: Pair programming is an Agile practice that involves self-organizing teams and cross-functional collaboration, where two programmers work together at one workstation.
18. What is the purpose of a sprint review in Scrum?
a) To demo completed work to stakeholders
b) To plan the next sprint
c) To review and update the product backlog
d) To address technical debt
Answer: a) To demo completed work to stakeholders
Explanation: The purpose of a sprint review in Scrum is to demonstrate completed work to stakeholders and gather feedback for future iterations.
19. Which Agile principle emphasizes the importance of face-to-face communication?
a) Working software over comprehensive documentation
b) Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
c) Responding to change over following a plan
d) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Answer: d) Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Explanation: This principle highlights the value of face-to-face communication and collaboration within Agile teams.
20. What is the primary goal of risk management in Agile projects?
a) To eliminate all project risks
b) To identify and mitigate potential issues
c) To create detailed risk documentation
d) To assign responsibility for risks
Answer: b) To identify and mitigate potential issues
Explanation: The primary goal of risk management in Agile projects is to identify and mitigate potential issues early in the development process to minimize their impact on project success.