1. Which transport layer protocol does not provide reliable data transfer?
a) UDP
b) TCP
c) FTP
d) SSH
Answer: a) UDP
Explanation: UDP (User Datagram Protocol) does not provide reliable data transfer, as it does not guarantee delivery nor does it provide acknowledgment of sent data packets.
2. Which protocol is commonly used for carrying real-time traffic over the internet?
a) TCP
b) UDP
c) FTP
d) HTTP
Answer: b) UDP
Explanation: UDP is commonly used for carrying real-time traffic such as video conferencing, VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol), and online gaming due to its low overhead and minimal delay.
3. Which protocol is used for connection-oriented communication and reliable data transfer?
a) UDP
b) TCP
c) FTP
d) SSH
Answer: b) TCP
Explanation: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a connection-oriented protocol that provides reliable data transfer, ensuring data integrity and sequencing of packets.
4. What mechanism does TCP use to adjust the rate of data transmission based on network congestion?
a) Flow control
b) Error control
c) Congestion control
d) Reliability control
Answer: c) Congestion control
Explanation: TCP implements congestion control mechanisms to adjust the rate of data transmission dynamically based on network congestion signals, preventing network congestion collapse.
5. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for WWW and HTTP?
a) Transport Layer
b) Application Layer
c) Data Link Layer
d) Network Layer
Answer: b) Application Layer
Explanation: The Application Layer of the OSI model is responsible for providing network services directly to end-users and applications, including protocols like HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) used for the World Wide Web (WWW).
6. Which protocol is commonly used for secure file transfer over a network?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) SMTP
d) DNS
Answer: b) FTP
Explanation: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is commonly used for secure file transfer over a network, providing features like authentication and encryption for data transmission.
7. Which protocol is used for secure remote access and file transfers over an encrypted connection?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) SSH
d) SMTP
Answer: c) SSH
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) is a protocol used for secure remote access and file transfers over an encrypted connection, providing confidentiality and integrity of data transmission.
8. Which protocol is used for sending and receiving email messages?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) SMTP
d) DNS
Answer: c) SMTP
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending and receiving email messages between servers and clients, facilitating email communication over a network.
9. Which protocol is used for translating domain names into IP addresses?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) SSH
d) DNS
Answer: d) DNS
Explanation: DNS (Domain Name System) is used for translating domain names into IP addresses and vice versa, enabling the resolution of domain names to IP addresses for network communication.
10. Which protocol is used for managing and monitoring network devices?
a) HTTP
b) FTP
c) SSH
d) SNMP
Answer: d) SNMP
Explanation: SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is used for managing and monitoring network devices, allowing centralized management of network resources and devices.
11. What is the purpose of the checksum field in the UDP header?
a) To provide error correction
b) To ensure data integrity
c) To manage flow control
d) To establish a connection
Answer: b) To ensure data integrity
Explanation: The checksum field in the UDP header is used to detect errors in the UDP segment during transmission, ensuring data integrity by verifying the integrity of the received data.
12. Which TCP feature ensures that data is delivered in the correct order?
a) Flow control
b) Error control
c) Congestion control
d) Sequence numbering
Answer: d) Sequence numbering
Explanation: TCP assigns sequence numbers to segments to ensure that data is delivered in the correct order at the receiver’s end, enabling reliable data transmission.
13. What is the primary purpose of TCP flow control?
a) To prevent congestion in the network
b) To ensure reliable data delivery
c) To manage the rate of data transmission
d) To establish connections between hosts
Answer: c) To manage the rate of data transmission
Explanation: TCP flow control regulates the rate of data transmission between sender and receiver, ensuring that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver with data, thus preventing buffer overflow.
14. Which field in the TCP header is used for acknowledging received data?
a) Sequence number
b) Acknowledgment number
c) Window size
d) Urgent pointer
Answer: b) Acknowledgment number
Explanation: The acknowledgment number field in the TCP header is used by the receiver to acknowledge the receipt of data segments from the sender, indicating the next expected sequence number.
15. What is the purpose of the MIME protocol in email communication?
a) To transfer email messages between servers
b) To encrypt email messages
c) To format multimedia content in email messages
d) To authenticate email users
Answer: c) To format multimedia content in email messages
Explanation: MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) protocol is used to format multimedia content, such as images and videos, in email messages, allowing for rich content in email communication.
16. Which protocol is responsible for retrieving email from a mail server to a client’s device?
a) SMTP
b) MIME
c) IMAP
d) DNS
Answer: c) IMAP
Explanation: IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol) is used for retrieving email messages from a mail server to a client’s device, providing features like folder management and message synchronization.
17. Which DNS record type maps domain names to IP addresses?
a) A record
b) MX record
c) CNAME record
d) PTR record
Answer: a) A record
Explanation: A record (Address record) in DNS maps domain names to IP addresses, translating human-readable domain names into IP addresses for network communication.
18. What is the purpose of the FTP protocol?
a) To transfer email messages
b) To translate domain names into IP addresses
c) To manage network devices
d) To transfer files between hosts
Answer: d) To transfer files between hosts
Explanation: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring files between hosts over a network, providing features like authentication, file listing, and data transfer.
19. Which HTTP method is used by web browsers to request data from a server?
a) GET
b) POST
c) PUT
d) DELETE
Answer: a) GET
Explanation: The GET method in HTTP is used by web browsers to request data from a server, such as retrieving web pages, images, or other resources.
20. Which HTTP status code indicates that the requested resource has been permanently moved to a new location?
a) 200 OK
b) 301 Moved Permanently
c) 404 Not Found
d) 500 Internal Server Error
**Answer
: b) 301 Moved Permanently**
Explanation: The HTTP status code 301 indicates that the requested resource has been permanently moved to a new location, instructing the client to update its bookmarks or links.
21. What is the role of the SSH protocol in network communication?
a) Secure file transfer
b) Secure remote access
c) Secure email communication
d) Secure web browsing
Answer: b) Secure remote access
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) protocol provides secure remote access to network devices or servers over an encrypted connection, ensuring confidentiality and integrity of communication.
22. Which TCP feature ensures reliable data delivery by retransmitting lost packets?
a) Flow control
b) Error control
c) Congestion control
d) Sequence numbering
Answer: b) Error control
Explanation: TCP’s error control mechanism ensures reliable data delivery by retransmitting lost packets and requesting retransmissions of corrupted or missing segments.
23. What is the primary function of the DNS protocol?
a) To secure network communication
b) To manage network devices
c) To translate domain names into IP addresses
d) To transfer files between hosts
Answer: c) To translate domain names into IP addresses
Explanation: The primary function of the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol is to translate domain names into IP addresses, facilitating communication between networked devices over the internet.
24. Which protocol is used for secure authentication and encrypted communication over a network?
a) FTP
b) SMTP
c) SSH
d) DNS
Answer: c) SSH
Explanation: SSH (Secure Shell) protocol is used for secure authentication and encrypted communication over a network, providing secure access to network devices or servers.
25. Which TCP mechanism adjusts the rate of data transmission based on network congestion?
a) Flow control
b) Error control
c) Congestion control
d) Sequence numbering
Answer: c) Congestion control
Explanation: TCP’s congestion control mechanism dynamically adjusts the rate of data transmission based on network congestion signals, preventing network congestion collapse.
26. What does FTP stand for?
a) File Transfer Protocol
b) File Transmission Protocol
c) File Transport Protocol
d) File Text Protocol
Answer: a) File Transfer Protocol
Explanation: FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files between hosts on a TCP/IP-based network.
27. Which HTTP method is used by web browsers to send data to a server for processing?
a) GET
b) POST
c) PUT
d) DELETE
Answer: b) POST
Explanation: The POST method in HTTP is used by web browsers to send data to a server for processing, such as submitting form data or uploading files.
28. What is the purpose of the MIME protocol in email communication?
a) To send email messages
b) To format multimedia content
c) To manage email servers
d) To translate domain names into IP addresses
Answer: b) To format multimedia content
Explanation: MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) protocol is used in email communication to format multimedia content, allowing for the inclusion of images, audio, and video in email messages.
29. Which TCP mechanism regulates the rate of data transmission between sender and receiver?
a) Flow control
b) Error control
c) Congestion control
d) Sequence numbering
Answer: a) Flow control
Explanation: TCP’s flow control mechanism regulates the rate of data transmission between sender and receiver, ensuring that the sender does not overwhelm the receiver with data.
30. What is the primary function of the SMTP protocol?
a) To format email messages
b) To manage email servers
c) To send and receive email messages
d) To transfer email messages between servers
Answer: d) To transfer email messages between servers
Explanation: SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring email messages between mail servers, enabling email communication over a network.