1. Which law of thermodynamics governs the energy conversion process in turbo machines?
a) First law
b) Second law
c) Third law
d) Zeroth law
Answer: a) First law
Explanation: The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, governs the energy conversion process in turbo machines by accounting for the conservation of energy, stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
2. What equation represents the conservation of angular momentum in fluid flow through a turbo machine?
a) Bernoulli’s equation
b) Euler turbine equation
c) Energy equation
d) Moment of momentum equation
Answer: d) Moment of momentum equation
Explanation: The moment of momentum equation is derived from the conservation of angular momentum in fluid flow and is applicable to turbo machines. It describes the relationship between the torque exerted on a fluid and its angular momentum.
3. Which principle distinguishes between impulse and reaction turbo machines?
a) Newton’s third law
b) Conservation of mass
c) Conservation of energy
d) Principle of action and reaction
Answer: d) Principle of action and reaction
Explanation: Impulse and reaction turbo machines operate based on different principles of fluid flow. The principle of action and reaction distinguishes between them, where impulse turbines change the fluid’s momentum entirely through the action of the blades, while reaction turbines partially rely on pressure change.
4. The degree of reaction in a turbo machine refers to the ratio of:
a) Static pressure change to total pressure change
b) Absolute velocity to relative velocity
c) Work done by the rotor to work done by the stator
d) Flow rate at the outlet to flow rate at the inlet
Answer: c) Work done by the rotor to work done by the stator
Explanation: The degree of reaction indicates the proportion of work done by the rotor to that done by the stator in a turbo machine. It helps in characterizing the machine’s design and performance.
5. In the context of turbo machines, the Euler turbine equation is used to determine:
a) Pressure drop across the rotor
b) Efficiency of the stator
c) Velocity of the fluid leaving the rotor
d) Total energy change in the system
Answer: c) Velocity of the fluid leaving the rotor
Explanation: The Euler turbine equation relates the fluid velocity leaving the rotor to the changes in angular momentum and energy, aiding in analyzing and designing turbine stages.
6. The energy equation for relative velocities in turbo machines is based on the principle of:
a) Conservation of momentum
b) Conservation of energy
c) Conservation of angular momentum
d) Conservation of mass
Answer: b) Conservation of energy
Explanation: The energy equation for relative velocities in turbo machines is derived from the conservation of energy principle, accounting for changes in kinetic energy and potential energy as the fluid flows through the machine.
7. What aspect does the first law of thermodynamics primarily address in turbo machines?
a) Entropy generation
b) Energy conversion
c) Heat transfer
d) Irreversibility
Answer: b) Energy conversion
Explanation: The first law of thermodynamics primarily addresses energy conversion processes in turbo machines, ensuring that energy input is accounted for and properly utilized in performing work or changing the fluid’s energy state.
8. In one-dimensional analysis of turbo machines, what assumption is made regarding fluid flow?
a) Flow is steady and incompressible
b) Flow is turbulent and viscous
c) Flow is unsteady and compressible
d) Flow is laminar and inviscid
Answer: a) Flow is steady and incompressible
Explanation: One-dimensional analysis of turbo machines typically assumes steady and incompressible fluid flow, simplifying the analysis while still providing valuable insights into performance and behavior.
9. Which law of thermodynamics restricts the efficiency of turbo machines?
a) Zeroth law
b) First law
c) Second law
d) Third law
Answer: c) Second law
Explanation: The second law of thermodynamics imposes limitations on the efficiency of turbo machines, stating that no engine can be 100% efficient in converting heat into work due to the inevitable increase in entropy.
10. What does the degree of reaction indicate about a turbo machine?
a) Efficiency of the turbine
b) Balance of work between rotor and stator
c) Total pressure change across the machine
d) Relative velocity of the fluid leaving the rotor
Answer: b) Balance of work between rotor and stator
Explanation: The degree of reaction reflects how the work is distributed between the rotor and stator of a turbo machine, providing insights into the machine’s design and performance characteristics.