1. Which type of loading causes stresses to act along the longitudinal axis of a structural member?
a) Torsional loading
b) Shear loading
c) Axial loading
d) Bending loading
Answer: c) Axial loading
Explanation: Axial loading applies forces along the longitudinal axis of a structural member, leading to normal stresses known as axial stresses.
2. What type of stress arises when adjacent sections of a material are subjected to forces parallel to each other but in opposite directions?
a) Shear stress
b) Tensile stress
c) Compressive stress
d) Bending stress
Answer: a) Shear stress
Explanation: Shear stress occurs when forces are applied parallel to adjacent sections of a material in opposite directions, causing them to slide past each other.
3. Which law describes the linear relationship between stress and strain within the elastic limit of a material?
a) Newton’s Law
b) Hooke’s Law
c) Pascal’s Law
d) Archimedes’ Principle
Answer: b) Hooke’s Law
Explanation: Hooke’s Law states that stress is directly proportional to strain within the elastic limit of a material.
4. What is the measure of a material’s resistance to deformation under axial loading called?
a) Shear modulus
b) Bulk modulus
c) Young’s modulus
d) Poisson’s ratio
Answer: c) Young’s modulus
Explanation: Young’s modulus measures a material’s resistance to deformation under axial loading or tensile/compressive forces.
5. When a material is subjected to an increase in temperature, what type of stress is typically induced?
a) Tensile stress
b) Compressive stress
c) Shear stress
d) Thermal stress
Answer: d) Thermal stress
Explanation: An increase in temperature can lead to thermal expansion, inducing thermal stresses in a material.
6. What term refers to the ratio of lateral strain to longitudinal strain within a material under axial loading?
a) Shear strain
b) Bulk modulus
c) Poisson’s ratio
d) Elastic modulus
Answer: c) Poisson’s ratio
Explanation: Poisson’s ratio describes the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain when a material is subjected to axial loading.
7. In which type of material do strong, stiff fibers provide reinforcement to a weaker matrix material?
a) Ductile material
b) Brittle material
c) Composite material
d) Homogeneous material
Answer: c) Composite material
Explanation: Composite materials consist of two or more constituent materials with different physical or chemical properties, where strong fibers reinforce a weaker matrix material.
8. Which term refers to the energy stored within a material when subjected to axial loads or stresses?
a) Potential energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Strain energy
d) Elastic energy
Answer: c) Strain energy
Explanation: Strain energy is the energy stored within a material due to deformation caused by applied loads or stresses.
9. What term describes the stress remaining within a material after external forces are removed?
a) Elastic stress
b) Residual stress
c) Ultimate stress
d) Yield stress
Answer: b) Residual stress
Explanation: Residual stress refers to the stress that remains within a material after external forces are removed, often occurring due to plastic deformation or thermal effects.
10. Which term describes the ratio of volumetric stress to volumetric strain within a material?
a) Shear modulus
b) Bulk modulus
c) Young’s modulus
d) Poisson’s ratio
Answer: b) Bulk modulus
Explanation: Bulk modulus measures a material’s resistance to volumetric deformation under uniform pressure.
11. In two-dimensional stress analysis, what graphical method is used to determine principal stresses and their orientation?
a) Euler’s method
b) Fourier analysis
c) Mohr’s circle
d) Laplace transform
Answer: c) Mohr’s circle
Explanation: Mohr’s circle is a graphical method used to determine principal stresses and their orientation in two-dimensional stress analysis.
12. What is the term for the maximum and minimum normal stresses on any plane within a stressed material?
a) Principal stresses
b) Shear stresses
c) Tensile stresses
d) Compressive stresses
Answer: a) Principal stresses
Explanation: Principal stresses are the maximum and minimum normal stresses on any plane within a stressed material.
13. What graphical technique is used to analyze stresses in three-dimensional structures?
a) Mohr’s circle
b) Fourier analysis
c) Laplace transform
d) Finite element method
Answer: d) Finite element method
Explanation: The finite element method is a numerical technique used to analyze stresses in three-dimensional structures.
14. What term describes the ratio of shear stress to shear strain within a material?
a) Young’s modulus
b) Shear modulus
c) Poisson’s ratio
d) Bulk modulus
Answer: b) Shear modulus
Explanation: Shear modulus measures a material’s resistance to shearing deformation under applied shear stress.
15. When analyzing simple structures, what method involves breaking down complex systems into smaller, manageable components?
a) Finite element analysis
b) Method of joints
c) Method of sections
d) Stepped rods
Answer: c) Method of sections
Explanation: The method of sections involves breaking down complex structures into smaller sections to analyze them for forces and stresses.