What is a Version ? A version is a collection of software configuration items. Each software version is different from previous one in some aspects. For example:WhatsApp Messenger Version 2.17.79What is Version Control ? It is a method keeping a record of changes. It is a method for centrally storing files. It is record of […]

What is Change Management ? Change management refers to  managing changes to artifacts, such as code changes or documentation changes. Change management means to control, support, manage changes to the software. Change management can be described as the process required to implementing an organizational change. Change management requires some ‘change management tools’ that  are used […]

What is software configuration management ? In software engineering, Software configuration management is the task of tracking and controlling changes in software. SCM  includes revision control and establishment of Baselines. Software configuration management can be abbreviated as SCM or S/W CM. What is the purpose of SCM ? To identify the change in software. To […]

Planning Settings goals Time management Budget allocation and cost estimates Implementation and Monitoring 1. Planning: For a project to be successful a project manager must start planning before starting it. A projects success totally depends on the planning of the project manager.A project manager’s planning include, The scope of the project– The project manager must define […]

Static testingDynamic testingBlack Box testingWhite box testingVisual (GUI) testing Static Testing: Testing of the software when its not executing. Its start before software runtime. Its done during verification process. It can be performed manually as well as with automated software. It does not need computer because testing done without executing the program. For example: Reviewing […]

An Oracle is a mechanism to determine whether the program passed or fail a test. A test oracle is a source of expected results for a test case. A test oracle is a method that verifies whether software executed correctly for a test case. Test oracle is used to check the correctness of the output […]

What is the Code Inspection in Software Testing: It is the most formal type of review. It is a type of Static testing. Its main purpose is to find defects. During code inspection documents are prepared and checked thoroughly by the reviewers. A separate preparation is carried out to find the defects in product. Code […]

Software testing is a process of executing a program or application with the intent of finding the software bugs. It is the process used to identify the correctness,  completeness and quality of developed computer software. It is a  process of verifying and validating a software program or application or product. Software testing is the part […]

STATIC ANALYSIS:What is Static Analysis in Software Testing? Static analysis involve software under test to detect possible defects before running the program. During testing software is not in execution mode. Static analysis is done after coding. Static analysis can be performed by a person or a machine. In Static analysis a “walk through” is made […]

What is Class diagram ? It illustrate the relationship between classes in the system. It is the basic building block of the object oriented system. It represent the static view of a model. What are the components of Class diagram? Class diagram consist a rectangle with three compartment. First compartment contains name of class. Second […]

What is Activity Diagram ? Activity diagrams are graphical representation of workflow of stepwise activities. It is similar to flowchart. It shows dynamic view of the system. It is series of actions/events. Actions are represented by oval shapes. Actions are connected by arrows. Arrow shows the flow of activity diagram. It also shows decision points […]

What is Use Case Diagram? It is list of actions or events, shows interaction between an an actor (human or external system) and a system. It is used in early stages of model. It is the simplest diagram. It is used to show discrete unit or work. What are the component of Use Case diagram […]

What is UML ? Unified Modelling Language. UML used for visualizing, specifying, constructing,documenting of artifact of a software system. It is also used for modelling non software system. It write systems blueprint. It is standard for building object oriented and component based systems. It describe only design or structure of a system. History of UML? […]

What is Software Design Process ? Software design process is a process to user requirements after analysis in suitable form so that a programmer can write coding or implements it. Software design process is an important stage in SDLC (Software development life cycle ) model. Each SDLC model is having a software design process. Some […]

What is a SRS ? SRS is the official statement  of what the system developers should implement. SRS is a complete description of the behavior of the system to be developed. SRS should include both a definition of user requirements and a specification of the system requirements. The SRS fully describes what the software will […]

Software requirements elicitation is the practice of collecting requirements of a system from users, customers and stockholders. Problems in requirements elicitation :1) Problems of scope : System boundary is not well defined, that may lead to unnecessary design information, or necessary design information may left out.2) Problems of understanding : It occurs in following way […]

Functional Requirements: Requirements include functionalities  and services that are needed by the users to meet their need and to achieve their business objectives. Typical functional requirements are: Administrative functions Authentication Authorization levels Audit Tracking Business Rules Certification Requirements External Interfaces Historical Data Legal or Regulatory Requirements Transaction correction, adjustments and cancellations. Non Functional Requirements: Requirements that specifies […]

RUP: Rational Unified Processes. It is a software engineering process management tool encapsulating best practices in software development and maintenance.RUP includes following some of the best practices: Iterative and incremental development of software. Requirements management. Software components reuse. Visual Modelling. Software quality verification. Software configuration. Software change management. RUP consists of well defined sequential phases […]

CMM: Capability Maturity Model. Developed by W. humphrey at Carnegie Mellon University. CMM does not recommended particular set of mature processes to be followed by the organization. Can be used to assess the maturity of existing process. Following is the illustration of CMM: CMM maturity levels are: Initial Repeatable Defined Managed Optimized Based on the […]

Spiral model is an evolutionary software model. Spiral model may be viewed as a Meta model, because it can accommodate any process model. Spiral model focuses on identifying and eliminating high risk problems. Following is the illustration of Spiral model: First Quadrant :It determine the objective and alternative solution possible for the phase under consideration. […]

Incremental model as the name indicated produces many versions. Each version with a new functionality. In it whole requirements is divided into various builds. Each new build carry new functionality over previous build. It seems like a multi “Waterfall Model cycle”. In this each module passes through requirements, analysis, design, coding, testing, deployment, maintenance etc. […]

Rapid Application Development Model. It is a type of Incremental Model. It is high speed adaptation of Waterfall model. In it projects are developed in component as mini projects. Than mini projects are assembled in a single project. It takes very short period of time to construct a project. Customers can give feedback easily on […]

It requires that before carrying out actual software its prototype (model) must be created. Prototype model is a toy implementation of system. A prototype usually a demo version of actual system, possibly with limited functionality, low reliability, and inefficient performance compare to actual system. Detailed information is not available in it. Idea behind it is […]

It was the first model introduced. It is also known as linear sequential life cycle model. It is very simple and understand to use. It is basic of all the process development models. It is a theoretical model, not to use practically. It is called Waterfall because stages goes top to bottom like a natural […]

SDLC: SDLC stands for software development life cycle. The SDLC is a term used in software engineering to describe as a process for Planning, creating, testing and deploying an information system. It is also called software development process. ISO/IEC 12207 is an international standard for SDLC. SDLC consists the following stages: Requirement Analysis Design Implementation/Coding […]

It is the processes or methodology being selected for the development of project with an aim and goal. It specify the various stages in which a development is carried out. There are many factors to select a software process models, like project cost, development team, time duration, objective, perspective etc. There are various software process […]

REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION Requirements elicitation means requirement gathering.  Which is collection of the requirements of a system by communicating with users, customers, and other stakeholders. Requirements elicitation methods: Survey/Questionnaire: Some questions are submitted to stockholders and their answers are recorded for analysis.  Document Analysis: Requirements are collected from old product documents. Interviews: Requirements are collected by […]