Direct manipulation is a style of interaction in graphical systems that makes the user feel like they are directly interacting with objects on the screen in a way that mirrors real-world actions. Here are key characteristics:
- Extension of the Real World:
- The system mirrors the user’s real-world environment, assuming familiarity with objects and actions.
- It replicates these elements on the screen, allowing users to access and modify them, including windows.
- Users can work in a familiar environment, focusing on data rather than navigating complex tools and applications.
- The system hides the unfamiliar physical organization, preventing it from being a distraction.
- Continuous Visibility:
- Objects and actions are continuously visible, similar to items on a physical desktop.
- Clear labels and obvious reminders replace complex commands, making actions more intuitive.
- Cursor actions and motion mimic natural and physically obvious movements.
- Rapid and Incremental Actions with Visible Results:
- Results of actions are immediately displayed on the screen.
- Auditory feedback may complement the visual cues.
- Users can quickly see the impact of their actions, and tasks evolve continuously and effortlessly.
- Easily Reversible Incremental Actions:
- Actions can be easily undone if found to be incorrect or undesired.
- This reversibility feature provides a safety net, allowing users to experiment without fear of irreversible consequences.