Explain the components of statistical graphics.

Components of a statistical graphic :

1. Data Presentation:
   • Emphasize Data: Make the data stand out.
   • Minimize Non-Data Elements: Reduce unnecessary elements.
   • Minimize Redundancy: Avoid repeating information.
   • Show Data Variation: Focus on how data changes, not design.
   • Provide Context: Help viewers understand the data.
   • Restrict Dimensions: Only show as many dimensions as needed.
   • Use Data Effectively: Present data in multiple ways.
   • Maximize Data Density: Convey as much information as possible.
2. Axes:
   • Values Increase Away from Origin: Follow a logical progression.
   • Horizontal Axis (X): Typically for time or cause.
   • Vertical Axis (Y): Represents the effect or outcome.
3. Scales and Scaling:
   • Ticks on Outer Edge: Mark scales clearly.
   • Linear Scale: Maintain a consistent scale.
   • Standard Intervals: Mark scales in regular intervals.
   • Start Numeric Scale at Zero: Begin from the baseline.
   • Minimum Digits: Keep scale digits to a minimum.
   • Single Scale per Axis: Avoid multiple scales.
   • Consistent Scaling: Keep scaling consistent across related graphics.
   • Clear Axis Labels: Label axes clearly.
4. Proportion:
   • Accurate Representation: Ensure surfaces match data.
   • Width Over Height: Make the graphic wider than it is tall.
5. Lines:
   • Heaviest for Data Lines: Emphasize the main data.
   • Medium Weight for Axes: Keep axis lines clear.
   • Extend Lines Completely: Avoid partial lines.
   • Thin or Absent Grid Lines: Grid lines should not overshadow data.
6. Labeling:
   • Clear and Detailed: Ensure labels are easy to understand.
   • Left-to-Right Orientation: Read labels from left to right.
   • Integrated Labeling: Connect labels to data.
   • Use a Single Typeface: Maintain consistency.
   • No Separation Lines: Avoid lines between labels and data.
   • Include Data Source: Provide information about data origin.
   • Use Legend for Complex Graphs: Clarify complex elements.
7. Title:
   • Short and Clear: Create a concise and clear title.
   • Position Above or Centered: Place the title for easy visibility.
   • Use Appropriate Font: Employ a readable font.
8. Aiding Interpretation of Numbers:
   • Display Grid on Request: Allow users to see a grid if needed.
   • Interactive Features: Enable clicking for actual values or zooming.
   • Numeric Values Display: Automatically show values for each point.
   • Adjustable Scale: Allow users to change scale values.
   • Toggle Between Graphic and Table: Provide options for different views.