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Explain the working of IP Security.

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By Dipali Umre

Working of IP security :

Packet Check:

  • When a computer wants to send data over the internet, it checks if it should use IPsec for secure transmission.
  • The sender decides whether to encrypt the data, and the receiver checks if incoming packets are properly encrypted.

IKE Phase I:

  • The two communicating computers authenticate each other to establish a secure channel.
  • There are two modes:
    • Main Mode: Provides higher security.
    • Aggressive Mode: Faster, but slightly less secure.

Secure Channel Negotiation:

  • The established secure channel is used to discuss how the data will be encrypted during transmission across the network.

IKE Phase II:

  • The computers negotiate the specific cryptographic algorithms to be used for the session.
  • They agree on secret keys for these algorithms.

Data Exchange:

  • Now, data is exchanged securely through an IPsec encrypted tunnel.
  • The packets are encrypted by the sender and decrypted by the receiver using Security Associations (SAs).

Session Termination:

  • Once the communication is completed or if the session times out, the IPsec tunnel is terminated.
  • Both computers discard the keys, ensuring that future communication will require re-authentication.

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