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What is rendering ? Discuss rendering engine. List some rendering engine in web browser.

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By Dipali Umre

Rendering, in the context of computer graphics, refers to the process of generating an image from a 2D or 3D model using computer programs. This can result in photorealistic or non-photorealistic images. When we talk about rendering in the context of web browsers, we often refer to the rendering engine, which is responsible for displaying the content of a website on the user’s screen.

A rendering engine, sometimes called a browser engine, plays a crucial role in rendering web pages. It handles the layout of the website, paints visuals, and manages animations. Essentially, it ensures that the elements on a webpage are displayed correctly on the user’s screen, providing the intended visual experience.

When we surf the web, several steps occur:

  1. Entering URL: We type a URL into the browser’s address bar.
  2. Parsing URL: The browser parses the URL to extract information like the protocol, host, port, and path, forming an HTTP request.
  3. DNS Lookup: The browser translates the human-readable host into an IP address through a DNS lookup.
  4. Opening a Socket: A socket is opened from the user’s computer to the IP address and specified port.
  5. Sending HTTP Request: The browser sends an HTTP request to the host.
  6. Server Processing: The server processes the request, launches the necessary plugins, and prepares an HTTP response.
  7. Receiving Response: The browser receives the response, parses the HTML, and builds a DOM tree.
  8. Fetching Resources: Additional requests are made for resources (images, stylesheets, JavaScript files) mentioned in the HTML.
  9. Stylesheet and JavaScript Processing: Stylesheets are parsed, and JavaScript is executed, updating the DOM.
  10. Rendering the Page: The browser renders the page on the screen based on the DOM tree and style information.
  11. Page Display: Finally, the user sees the rendered page on their screen.

Major web browsers use different rendering engines:

  1. Blink: Used in Google Chrome and Opera.
  2. WebKit: Used in Safari.
  3. Gecko: Used in Mozilla Firefox.
  4. Trident: Used in older versions of Internet Explorer.
  5. EdgeHTML: Used in older versions of Microsoft Edge.
  6. Presto: A legacy rendering engine for the Opera browser.
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