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Write a short note on VPN and tunnel mode.

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By Dipali Umre

Virtual Private Network (VPN):

A Virtual Private Network (VPN) acts like a secure tunnel over the internet, ensuring that your data remains private and protected. Here’s a breakdown:

  1. Secure Connection: VPNs use encryption to establish a secure connection over potentially insecure networks like the internet.
  2. Network Extension: They allow users to virtually become part of a local network even when physically distant, enhancing accessibility and security.
  3. Tunneling Protocols: VPNs employ tunneling protocols to create a secure path for data transmission.

Tunnel Mode:

Tunnel mode, specifically in IPSec (Internet Protocol Security), involves encapsulating the original data within an additional packet for added security. Simplifying further:

  1. Encapsulation: In IPSec tunnel mode, the original data (IP header and payload) is wrapped within another packet.
  2. Extra Layer of Protection: The original IP packet is shielded with an Authentication Header (AH) or Encapsulating Security Protocol (ESP) header, along with an extra IP header.
  3. Appearance of Traffic: The communication between two VPN Gateways seems like it’s originating from these gateways, thanks to the new IP datagram. The original data is encrypted (if ESP is used), adding a layer of security within the IPSec packet.
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