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What is hash function ? Discuss SHA-512 with all required steps, round function and block diagram.

Hash Function Basics:

Definition: A cryptographic hash function transforms an input into a fixed-size string called the hash value.

Representation: It is denoted as h = H(M), where M is the message, and H(M) is the hash value.

Usage: Hash values are added to messages during transmission, and receivers authenticate by recomputing the hash.

Properties of Ideal Hash Function:

  • Easy to calculate hash for any data.
  • Difficult to calculate a text with a given hash.
  • Highly unlikely for two different messages to have the same hash.

Working of SHA-512:

Input Length: Takes messages less than 2^128 bits, produces a 512-bit message digest.

Steps in Processing:

  • Step 1: Padding: Add padding to the message, making it 64-bits short of a multiple of 512.
  • Step 2: Append Length: Append the length of the message (excluding padding) as a 64-bit block.
  • Step 3: Divide into Blocks: Split the message into 512-bit blocks.
  • Step 4: Initialize Variables: Five chaining variables (A-E) are initialized for a 160-bit message digest.
  • Step 5: Process Blocks: The main algorithm processes each block.

Round Function:

  1. Definition: Computes a new value for variable A, shifting all working variables once per round.
  2. Calculation: Involves a five-operand addition modulo 2^32, with operands based on input words, round-dependent constant (Kt), and current message word (Wt).

SHA-512 Block Diagram:

  1. Components:
    • SHA1 Engine: Applies SHA1 loops on a 512-bit message block.
    • Padding Unit: Splits input into 512-bit blocks and pads the last block.
  2. Processing Time: Each 512-bit block processed in 82 clock cycles, achieving a bit-rate of 6.24 Mbps/MHz.

1 thought on “What is hash function ? Discuss SHA-512 with all required steps, round function and block diagram.”

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